We report an unusual case of a mature cystic teratoma, or dermoid cyst, in the hepatoduodenal ligament of a young woman. Mature cystic teratomas are rarely found in extragonadal sites, especially the hepatoduodenal ligament. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of therapy and is required for a definitive diagnosis. Patients who undergo complete resection of a mature cystic teratoma normally have an excellent prognosis.