Large-scale double-staining of rat fetal skeletons using Alizarin Red S and Alcian Blue

Young, Angela D.; Phipps, Donal E.; Astroff, A. Barry

doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9926(200004)61:4<273::aid-tera5>3.0.co;2-2

Cited by 53 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Additionally, pups of 0, 4, 7, 14, 20, 25 and 30 days of age from non‐treated dams were euthanized under carbon dioxide anesthesia and stained with alcian blue and alizarin red S (Both from Sigma Chemical) by a modified double‐staining method (Young et al. 2000) and were examined for ossification of the occipital bone.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restraint‐induced maternal stress and alteration of ossification in mouse fetuses

Minagi

Izumi

Chatani

et al. 2009

Congenital Anomalies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Jcl:ICR pregnant mice were immobilized for 120 minutes from days 8-12 of gestation, and their fetuses were examined for skeletal features on day 18 of gestation. In the stressed group, decreased maternal bodyweight gain and lower fetal weight were noted. In this group, the incidences of segmentation defects, fused ribs, absent lumbar vertebrae and full supernumerary ribs were increased in fetuses. In addition, fusion of the basi- and ex-occipital bones was frequently observed in this group (12.9%). This finding was seen at an incidence of 1.4% in the control group, usually in newborns during the ossification process of the occipital bone. Therefore, the fused basi- and ex-occipital bones were considered to be due to altered ossification, but not to be an abnormality. In summary, immobilization of Jcl:ICR mice during the period of fetal organogenesis induced altered ossification of the occipital bones as well as some abnormalities and supernumerary ribs.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restraint‐induced maternal stress and alteration of ossification in mouse fetuses

Minagi

Izumi

Chatani

et al. 2009

Congenital Anomalies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Alizarin Red S (ARS) is a derivative of anthraquinone and a well‐known biological staining agent [1–5]; the chemical structure of this anthraquinoid dye ( 1 ) is 3,4‐dihydroxy‐9,10‐dioxo‐2‐anthracenesulphonic acid. In this study, ARS dye has been investigated following complex formation with the cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB; 2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic study of Alizarin Red S binding with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide at low concentrations

Gul

Khan

Shah

et al. 2010

Coloration Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The anthraquinoid dye, Alizarin Red S, forms an anionic moiety in aqueous solution. The complex formation of this dye was studied with the cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, in an aqueous environment at low surfactant concentrations. The complex was studied with the help of ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. A method of continuous variation was applied to confirm the complex formation and showed that a 1:1 complex was evident from the experimental results. The equilibrium constant for the formation of the complex was determined at various temperatures. Different thermodynamic parameters, free energy of binding, enthalpy of binding and entropy of binding were calculated.

show abstract

“…Skeletal staining was performed using the method of Young et al [ 22 ]. Depending on the size of the litter, 2 or 3 fetuses per litter have been completely eviscerated by a small midline incision in the anterior abdominal wall.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Developmental Toxicity of Thymus schimperi Essential Oil in Rat Embryos and Fetuses

Adane

Asres

Ergete

et al. 2022

Journal of Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background. In Ethiopian traditional medicine, the aerial parts of Thymus schimperi are widely used to treat diseases such as gonorrhea, cough, liver disease, kidney disease, hypertension, stomach pain, and fungal skin infections. In addition, they have been used as vegetables to flavor a broad variety of food products. However, there is an insufficient investigation of the toxic effect of Thymus schimperi essential oil. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the developmental toxicity of the essential oil of Thymus schimperi leaves on developing rat embryos and fetuses. Methods. Essential oil of the aerial parts of Thymus schimperi was extracted by hydrodistillation. Pregnant Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into five groups. The doses 65 mg/kg, 130 mg/kg, and 260 mg/kg of the essential of Thymus schimperi were administered by force feeding to the III–V groups, respectively. Groups I and II were negative and ad libitum control groups. The embryos and fetuses were revealed on days 12 and 20 of gestations, respectively. The embryos were examined for developmental delays or growth retardation. Gross external, skeletal, and visceral anomalies in the fetuses were examined. Results. In this study, the developmental scores of the number of implantation sites, crown-rump length, the number of somites, and morphological scores were significantly lower while the score of fetal resorptions was increased in a 12-day-old rat embryos treated with 260 mg/kg of the Thymus schimperi essential oil. There was also a significant delay in the development of the otic system, olfactory system, and a reduction in the number of branchial bars in 12-day-old embryos treated with 130 mg/kg and 260 mg/kg of the essential oil. However, external morphological examinations of rat fetuses revealed no detectable structural abnormalities. The fetal skull, vertebrae, hyoid, forelimb, and hindlimb ossification centers did not differ significantly across all the groups. Furthermore, there were no skeletal or soft-tissue malformations as a result of the essential oil treatment. Although the difference was not statistically significant, fetuses of the high-dose treatment group had a reduced number of ossification centers in the caudal vertebrae and hind limp phalanges. Conclusion. The essential oil of Thymus schimperi at high doses has a detrimental effect on the development of rat embryos and fetuses. Its developmental toxicity is evidenced by significant delays in fetal and embryonic development, a decrease in the number of implantation sites, and an increase in fetal resorption. Furthermore, administration of the essential oil in higher doses resulted in a significant decrease in placenta weight and litter weight. In addition, the present study provided evidence that using the Thymus schimperi essential oil in a high dose could affect the developing embryo and fetus. Thus, it is recommended to discourage the use of Thymus schimperi essential oil in high doses.

show abstract

Large-scale double-staining of rat fetal skeletons using Alizarin Red S and Alcian Blue

Cited by 53 publications

References 3 publications

Restraint‐induced maternal stress and alteration of ossification in mouse fetuses

Restraint‐induced maternal stress and alteration of ossification in mouse fetuses

Spectroscopic study of Alizarin Red S binding with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide at low concentrations

The Developmental Toxicity of Thymus schimperi Essential Oil in Rat Embryos and Fetuses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About