Large-scale experiments on tsunami-induced pressure on a vertical tide wall

Kihara, Naoto; Niida, Yasuo; Takabatake, Daisuke; Kaida, Hideki; Shibayama, Atsushi; Miyagawa, Y.

doi:10.1016/j.coastaleng.2015.02.009

Cited by 92 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The reason why the impulsive pressure becomes larger for steeper slope of incident wave front appears to be due to the large vertical acceleration developed in steep waves. The dependency of wave steepness on the flow structure in front of the seawall and thus on the large pressure exerted by bores is also confirmed in large-scale flume experiments conducted by Kihara et al (2015). Such large pressure due to bores is also observed in laboratory experiments by Asakura et al (2000) and Arikawa et al (2005).…”

Section: Pressure To a Seawallsupporting

confidence: 59%

Formation of Breaking Bores in Fukushima Prefecture Due to the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami

Sato

Ohkuma

2017

Int. Conf. Coastal. Eng.

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Tsunami forces on critical coastal structures were reanalyzed by combining laboratory experiments and numerical tsunami simulation, focusing on the formation of breaking bores and their large force to structures. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that nearshore tsunami is likely to form a breaking bore when the slope of the incident tsunami front is steep and the nearshore bed slope is mild. The impulsive pressure to coastal structures was found to increase with the steepness of the tsunami front. Based on these results, together with numerical simulation of tsunami, the formation of bores was discussed in relation to coastal cliff topography in Fukushima Prefecture.

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Section: Pressure To a Seawallsupporting

confidence: 59%

Formation of Breaking Bores in Fukushima Prefecture Due to the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami

Sato

Ohkuma

2017

Int. Conf. Coastal. Eng.

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“…Since there was temperature difference between the air and the water, the thermal shock tended to take place in our experiment. Thus, Kihara and Kaida (2016) managed to minimize the effects of the thermal shock by carrying out the same measures of Kihara et al (2015). In order to minimize the effects of the thermal shock, the water was kept placing on the wall until just before each experiment started.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vertical profile of the continuous pressure or quasi-steady-state pressure is a hydrostatic form. Nouri et al (2010), Palermo et al (2013), and Kihara et al (2015) divided the impulsive-bore pressure into two phases. The first one is the impulsive pressure and is observed just after the tsunami impacted the buildings, and its duration is very short, generally shorter than 1 s. The second one is the run-up or initial-reflection-phase pressure and is observed during the transition between the impulsive and quasi-steady hydrodynamic forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Application of Semi-empirical Physical Model of Tsunami-Bore Pressure on Buildings

Kihara

Kaida

2019

Front. Built Environ.

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Characteristic patterns of tsunami wave pressure on buildings is divided into three types, depending on its vertical profiles and time, which is observed after the tsunami impacted the buildings. The first one is the impulsive pressure, which is observed just after the tsunami impacted the buildings. The second one is the bore pressure, which is observed after the impulsive pressures. The third one is the quasi-steady pressure, which is observed after the bores go away from the buildings. In this study, based on characteristics of bore pressure observed in a hydraulic experiment, a semi-empirical physical model of bore pressure is developed by applying a turbulent bore theory. Also, we present an application method of the semi-empirical physical model to evaluations of bore pressure with usage of numerical results of inundation simulations of two-dimensional nonlinear shallow water equation models. Furthermore, we apply the semi-empirical physical model to evaluations of pressure acting on buildings in an inundation area by carrying out numerical simulations of tsunami inundation.

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“…Still, Eq. (1) remains the standard in Japan for tsunami design, although much research has been done to improve its formulation to include flow effects [see Kihara et al, 2015]. Using this design pressure, the maximum force per unit width, F max /W , may then be estimated by applying a triangular distribution over a height 3h max :…”

Section: Design Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a Macro-Roughness Element on Tsunami Wave Amplification, Pressures, and Loads: Physical Model and Comparison to Japanese and US Design Equations

Tomiczek

Prasetyo²,

Mori³

et al. 2017

Coastal Engineering Journal

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Experiments were conducted at a 1:20 length scale in a large tsunami flume to measure wave evolution and pressures on and around structural elements. The water surface profiles of waves propagating across a bare beach were compared with those recorded in front of an onshore obstacle representing an urban macro-roughness element. The addition of a structure significantly changed the water surface profile for broken waves: the water surface amplification in the presence of a macro-roughness element reached seven times the bareearth water surface elevation. Estimated pressures from design equations were calculated using recommended inputs and compared with pressures recorded by gauges installed on the structural elements. Design equations showed good agreement for non-breaking wave pressures but underestimated peak pressures for breaking waves. Likewise, force integrations of measured pressures on the experimental specimen indicated that design equations may underestimate loads due to waves that break offshore and propagate across T. Tomiczek et al.a beach as a turbulent bore. The time-integrated pressure impulse was shown to be less sensitive to wave characteristics than the peak recorded pressures. Time-averaged loading curves were also developed for different average periods.

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Large-scale experiments on tsunami-induced pressure on a vertical tide wall

Cited by 92 publications

References 33 publications

Formation of Breaking Bores in Fukushima Prefecture Due to the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami

Formation of Breaking Bores in Fukushima Prefecture Due to the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami

An Application of Semi-empirical Physical Model of Tsunami-Bore Pressure on Buildings

Effects of a Macro-Roughness Element on Tsunami Wave Amplification, Pressures, and Loads: Physical Model and Comparison to Japanese and US Design Equations

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