Large variations in Holocene solar activity: Constraints from <sup>10</sup>Be in the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core

Vonmoos, M.; Beer, Jürg; Muscheler, Raimund

doi:10.1029/2005ja011500

Cited by 261 publications

(353 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(156 reference statements)

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“…10 Be is a spallation product of galactic cosmic rays hitting atmospheric O, N and Ar atoms; 14 C is produced by thermal neutrons, generated by cosmic rays, interacting with N. About two-thirds of the 10 Be are formed in the stratosphere and about one-third in the troposphere from where precipitation times into the reservoirs are typically 1 year and 1 week, respectively. The deposition into any one reservoir is influenced, to some extent, by climate conditions (e.g., Vonmoos et al 2006;Field et al 2006;Aldahan et al 2008;Heikkila et al 2008). On the other hand, the 14 C generated by GCRs takes part in the carbon cycle and is exchanged with the two major reservoirs, the oceans and the biomass.…”

Section: Paleoclimate Studies and Solar Proxiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Influence on Global and Regional Climates

Lockwood

2012

Surv Geophys

152

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The literature relevant to how solar variability influences climate is vast-but much has been based on inadequate statistics and non-robust procedures. The common pitfalls are outlined in this review. The best estimates of the solar influence on the global mean air surface temperature show relatively small effects, compared with the response to anthropogenic changes (and broadly in line with their respective radiative forcings). However, the situation is more interesting when one looks at regional and season variations around the global means. In particular, recent research indicates that winters in Eurasia may have some dependence on the Sun, with more cold winters occurring when the solar activity is low. Advances in modelling ''top-down'' mechanisms, whereby stratospheric changes influence the underlying troposphere, offer promising explanations of the observed phenomena. In contrast, the suggested modulation of low-altitude clouds by galactic cosmic rays provides an increasingly inadequate explanation of observations.

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Section: Paleoclimate Studies and Solar Proxiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar Influence on Global and Regional Climates

Lockwood

2012

Surv Geophys

152

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“…A long-term proxy of solar activity is the solar modulation function, which shows that, in the past 50 years, the solar activity has been remarkably constant and at a 500-year maximum [20,21]. Therefore, we can clearly place no reliance, in terms of climate impact, on this rather short observation time series of 30 years, when we know that the Sun has varied dramatically over the past 400 years, emphasizing the importance of monitoring with sufficient accuracy to detect relatively subtle radiometric, but climatically dramatic, changes.…”

Section: (Iv) Solar Variability On Climate Time Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accurate radiometry from space: an essential tool for climate studies

Fox

Kaiser-Weiss

Schmutz

et al. 2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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The Earth's climate is undoubtedly changing; however, the time scale, consequences and causal attribution remain the subject of significant debate and uncertainty. Detection of subtle indicators from a background of natural variability requires measurements over a time base of decades. This places severe demands on the instrumentation used, requiring measurements of sufficient accuracy and sensitivity that can allow reliable judgements to be made decades apart. The International System of Units (SI) and the network of National Metrology Institutes were developed to address such requirements. However, ensuring and maintaining SI traceability of sufficient accuracy in instruments orbiting the Earth presents a significant new challenge to the metrology community. This paper highlights some key measurands and applications driving the uncertainty demand of the climate community in the solar reflective domain, e.g. solar irradiances and reflectances/radiances of the Earth. It discusses how meeting these uncertainties facilitate significant improvement in the forecasting abilities of climate models. After discussing the current state of the art, it describes a new satellite mission, called TRUTHS, which enables, for the first time, high-accuracy SI traceability to be established in orbit. The direct use of a 'primary standard' and replication of the terrestrial traceability chain extends the SI into space, in effect realizing a 'metrology laboratory in space'.

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“…10 Be, archived in ice cores, is widely used to reconstruct solar activity during the Holocene [McCracken et al, 2004;Muscheler et al, 2007;Vonmoos et al, 2006]. Such reconstructions depend strongly on the assumption that 10 Be measured at one specific drilling site reflects the global 10 Be production rate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

¹⁰Be measured in a GRIP snow pit and modeled using the ECHAM5‐HAM general circulation model

Heikkilä

Beer

Jouzel

et al. 2008

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] 10 Be measured in a Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) snow pit (1986)(1987)(1988)(1989)(1990)) with a seasonal resolution is compared with the ECHAM5-HAM GCM run. The mean modeled 10 Be concentration in ice (1.0Á10 4 atoms/g) agrees well with the measured value (1.2Á10 4 atoms/g). The measured 10 Be deposition flux (88 atoms/m 2 /s) also agrees well with the modeled flux (69 atoms/m 2 /s) and the measured precipitation rate (0.67 mm/day) agrees with the modeled rate (0.61 mm/ day). The mean surface temperature of À31°C estimated from d 18 O is lower than the temperature measured at a near-by weather station (À29°C) and the modeled temperature (À26°C). During the 5-year period the concentrations and deposition fluxes, both measured and modeled, show a decreasing trend consistent with the increase in the solar activity. The variability of the measured and modeled concentrations and deposition fluxes is very similar suggesting that the variability is linked to a variability in production rather than the local meteorology.

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Large variations in Holocene solar activity: Constraints from ¹⁰Be in the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core

Cited by 261 publications

References 71 publications

Solar Influence on Global and Regional Climates

Solar Influence on Global and Regional Climates

Accurate radiometry from space: an essential tool for climate studies

¹⁰Be measured in a GRIP snow pit and modeled using the ECHAM5‐HAM general circulation model

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Large variations in Holocene solar activity: Constraints from 10Be in the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core

Cited by 261 publications

References 71 publications

Solar Influence on Global and Regional Climates

Solar Influence on Global and Regional Climates

Accurate radiometry from space: an essential tool for climate studies

10Be measured in a GRIP snow pit and modeled using the ECHAM5‐HAM general circulation model

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Large variations in Holocene solar activity: Constraints from ¹⁰Be in the Greenland Ice Core Project ice core

¹⁰Be measured in a GRIP snow pit and modeled using the ECHAM5‐HAM general circulation model