Largely-tunable wideband Bragg gratings fabricated on SOI rib waveguides employed by deep-RIE

Honda, Shinya; Wu, Zhigang; Matsui, J.; Utaka, Katsuyuki; Edura, Tomohiko; Tokuda, Masahide; Tsutsui, K.; Wada, Yasuo

doi:10.1049/el:20070884

Cited by 31 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The majority of literature covering tuned Bragg gratings describes devices in fibre [2,3]. However, fibre based devices do not posses the integration advantages associated with planar technology.Thermo-optic tuning is widely used in integrated optics [4,5] and has been applied to several materials including silicon-on-insulator [6,7] and polymers [8]. The largest tuning ranges reported have been in materials with large thermo-optic coefficients.…”

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confidence: 99%

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150 GHz of thermo-optic tuning in direct UV written silica-on-silicon planar Bragg grating

et al. 2009

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An integrated direct UV written apodised planar Bragg grating reflector with 154 GHz (1.23 nm) of thermo-optic tuning in the C-band and a response speed 31 GHz/ms is demonstrated. The degree and speed of tuning of the fabricated device indicates potential application in dynamic optical networks, as an optical add-drop multiplexer.Introduction: An optical add-drop multiplexer (OADM) is a fundamental device in dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) networks. Control over the spectral response of an OADM is essential as small amounts of spectral degradation can drastically degrade their filtering performance; this is especially true for filter misalignments and cascaded operations [1]. Selectively adding or dropping particular wavelengths to and from a network can be attained using Bragg gratings, which can be tuned using electro-optic, thermo-optic or strain-optic means. The majority of literature covering tuned Bragg gratings describes devices in fibre [2,3]. However, fibre based devices do not posses the integration advantages associated with planar technology.Thermo-optic tuning is widely used in integrated optics [4,5] and has been applied to several materials including silicon-on-insulator [6,7] and polymers [8]. The largest tuning ranges reported have been in materials with large thermo-optic coefficients. Polymers give 20 nm tuning [8] and silicon-on-insulator 18 nm tuning [7]. While alternative material systems offer large tuning ranges, there is an advantage in using silica-on-silicon technology as it is well established in telecom networks where it is used for AWGs, splitters and thermo-optic switches [9]. In addition, direct UV written devices can be spectrally engineered to give apodised gratings with small bandwidths (typically ,1 nm). Also, when tuning over only one channel spacing large tuning ranges are not essential. Typically channel spacings in DWDM networks are often 50 GHz, corresponding to 0.4 nm at 1550 nm wavelengths.This Letter demonstrates thermo-optic tuning of a silica-on-silicon direct UV written planar Bragg grating. The device presented can tune 154 GHz, corresponding to a wavelength shift of 1.23 nm at 1550 nm, which is over three times a typical DWDM channel spacing.Investigation of the response time shows that a shift of 31 GHz can be achieved in 1.02 ms. In this device individual adjacent gratings located 1 mm from the heating filament do not show any response, demonstrating that multiple gratings can be tuned on one chip without affecting others.

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confidence: 99%

“…Thermo-optic tuning is widely used in integrated optics [4,5] and has been applied to several materials including silicon-on-insulator [6,7] and polymers [8]. The largest tuning ranges reported have been in materials with large thermo-optic coefficients.…”

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confidence: 99%

150 GHz of thermo-optic tuning in direct UV written silica-on-silicon planar Bragg grating

et al. 2009

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“…The measured grating bandwidth allows estimation of the grating efficiency (κ) by using the coupled mode theory [13]. The analyzed devices produced an average coupling constant of 62±10cm -1 , demonstrating a grating efficiency comparable to that of etched gratings in silicon on insulator reported in literature [16]- [17].…”

Section: Device Testingmentioning

confidence: 90%

Low-energy silicon-on-insulator ion implanted gratings for optical wafer scale testing

et al. 2011

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Silicon photonics shows tremendous potential for the development of the next generation of ultra fast telecommunication, tera-scale computing, and integrated sensing applications. One of the challenges that must be addressed when integrating a "photonic layer" onto a silicon microelectronic circuit is the development of a wafer scale optical testing technique, similar to that employed today in integrated electronics industrial manufacturing. This represents a critical step for the advancement of silicon photonics to large scale production technology with reduced costs. In this work we propose the fabrication and testing of ion implanted gratings in sub micrometer SOI waveguides, which could be applied to the implementation of optical wafer scale testing strategies. An extinction ratio of over 25dB has been demonstrated for ion implanted Bragg gratings fabricated by low energy implants in submicron SOI rib waveguides with lengths up to 1mm. Furthermore, the possibility of employing the proposed implanted gratings for an optical wafer scale testing scheme is discussed in this work.

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“…Two main categories are: (1) using ion implantation for refractive index modulation [14], and (2): physically corrugating the top surface or the sidewalls of the waveguides [9,11,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Various Apodization Functions on the Filtering Characteristics of the Grating-Assisted SOI Strip Waveguides

Karimi¹,

Emami²,

Nozhat³

2014

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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In this paper, four apodization functions are proposed for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) strip waveguides with sidewall-corrugated gratings. The effects of apodization functions on the full width at half maximum (FWHM), the side-lobe level, and the reflectivity of the reflection spectrum are studied using the coupled-mode theory (CMT) and the transfer-matrix method (TMM). The results show that applying proposed apodization functions creates very good filtering characteristics. Among investigated apodized waveguides, the apodization functions of Polynomial and z-power have the best performance in reducing side-lobes, where the side-lobe oscillations are entirely removed. Four functions are also used for precise adjustment of the bandwidth. Simulation results show that the minimum and maximum values of the FWHM are 0.74 nm and 8.48 nm respectively. In some investigated functions, changing the apodization parameters decreases the reflectivity which is compensated by increasing the grating length.

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Largely-tunable wideband Bragg gratings fabricated on SOI rib waveguides employed by deep-RIE

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

150 GHz of thermo-optic tuning in direct UV written silica-on-silicon planar Bragg grating

150 GHz of thermo-optic tuning in direct UV written silica-on-silicon planar Bragg grating

Low-energy silicon-on-insulator ion implanted gratings for optical wafer scale testing

The Effects of Various Apodization Functions on the Filtering Characteristics of the Grating-Assisted SOI Strip Waveguides

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