Laser-Active Fibers Doped With Bismuth for a Wavelength Region of 1.6–1.8 μm

Bismuth-doped fiber laser at 132 μm mode-locked by single-walled carbon nanotubes

“…In recent years, development of bismuth-doped active fibers have shown significant progress. Efficient CW lasers and amplifiers based on bismuth-doped fibers were demonstrated ( [7,8] and references therein). Contrary to the rare-earth elements doped silicabased fibers bismuth-doped ones do work in the region of interest.…”

Advanced multimodal laser imaging tool for urothelial carcinoma diagnosis (AMPLITUDE)

“…Scientifically demonstrated lasers have a much broader coverage compared to the available market options. A number of ultrafast fiber lasers emitting in the 1600-1800 nm range were developed using Bi-doped fibers [19][20][21][22]. The main disadvantages of these lasers were a small fiber core diameter (∼2 µm) leading to rather low energy pulses at the output of bismuth lasers and a large cavity length required due to the low gain per meter coefficient for Bi-doped fibers limiting the standard fundamental repetition rate of such sources to~10 MHz.…”

Operation of a Single-Frequency Bismuth-Doped Fiber Power Amplifier near 1.65 µm

“…As Bi-doped fibers have luminescence properties dependent on the host glass, they are a quite flexible medium for photonic system development [12]. For example, broadband emission covering a range from 1150 up to 1500 nm has been demonstrated using Bi-doped aluminosilicate and phosphosilicate glass fibers [13][14][15][16], while Bi-doped germanosilicate fibers can also be used as gain media beyond 1600 nm [17][18][19][20].…”