This paper reports the deposition of active protein thin films by a novel laser-based approach termed
matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). We have deposited uniform 10 nm to nearly 1 μm thin
films of insulin and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). We performed several experiments to characterize the
chemical integrity of the deposited films. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization and liquid
chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry experiments performed on MAPLE-deposited
insulin films indicate that the laser−material interaction involved in this deposition technique does not
modify the protein's mass. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments show that the chemical
functionality and secondary structure of MAPLE-deposited HRP are nearly identical to those of the native
protein. We also find that deposited HRP films retain their ability to catalyze the reduction of
3,3‘-diaminobenzidine (DAB), suggesting that the active site of transferred proteins is unaffected by the
MAPLE process. We also produced patterns and multilayers with feature sizes from 20 to 250 μm by
depositing different biomaterials through a shadow mask. Patterns of physisorbed HRP were then protected
from dissolution in an aqueous environment by a semipermeable polymer overlayer that was deposited
in situ using pulsed laser deposition. This polymer membrane protects the protein pattern when it is
exposed to DAB solution and enables the optical observation of HRP activity for spots as small as 2000
μm2. These results demonstrate that MAPLE is a preferred technique for depositing active biomolecules
for applications ranging from microfluidic sensor devices to gene and protein recognition microarrays.