Laser-induced oxidation of titanium substrate: Analysis of the physicochemical structure of the surface and sub-surface layers

Influence of Laser Colour Marking on the Corrosion Properties of Low Alloyed Ti

“…The produced markings are very sharp, reproducible and precise. Another benefit is that the process enables flexible change of marking colours on the fly with respect to laser processing parameters [6,[13][14][15][16].Titanium and its alloys have several specific properties, like good strength to weight ratio, high strength, good chemical stability, high temperature stability, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance and resistance to fatigue and wear, and can be heat treated or surface treated in order to achieve particular hardness and strength [11,26].Laser induced oxidation of metals is a gaseous high-temperature corrosion process, where thin layers of oxides or other more complex oxidation formations are formed. With this process, different colours can be produced on the titanium surface.…”

“…During laser oxidation, titanium oxides are formed at the surface if the marking is carried out in an oxidative atmosphere. Titanium oxides are not expensive, biocompatible, non-toxic and mechanically and chemically stable [16]. On the surfaces, there are thin layers present in the form of anatase, brookite, rutile or in the amorphous phase [6,13,16].…”

“…Titanium oxides are not expensive, biocompatible, non-toxic and mechanically and chemically stable [16]. On the surfaces, there are thin layers present in the form of anatase, brookite, rutile or in the amorphous phase [6,13,16]. In the white light spectrum, they are highly transparent and exhibit a wide spectrum of vivid colours as a result of the interference between white light and the borders between different phases.…”

Optical characterization of laser coloured titanium under different processing atmospheres

“…Different laser can be employed such as pulsed CO 2 laser [10], pulsed solid state Nd:YAG laser [11,12], and fiber laser [13,14,15], where solid state lasers provide higher precision due to their smaller beam dimension. Several parameters related to the laser source and scanning strategy are used to control the energy delivered to the material surface [17].…”

“…As a thermal source, laser provides a more flexible, precise and selective tool to obtain these layers with a high dimensional precision on metallic surfaces [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”