Laser methods based on an analysis of scattered light for automated, in-process inspection of machined surfaces: A review

Kapłonek, Wojciech; Nadolny, Krzysztof

doi:10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.07.009

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…For example, a three-dimensional model of one single diamond grain has been reconstructed using LSM [15]. Moreover, topography characterization using laser methods has also been implemented as in-process inspection method in several abrasive machining processes [16]. The topography of grain protrusion of the truncated diamond grinding wheel has been visualized using laser methods, and some important parameters such as protrusion number, height etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Topography Quantification of Super Hard Abrasive Tools by Laser Scanning Microscopy

Fang

Llanes

Engstler

et al. 2016

Materials Performance and Characterization

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Non-conventional super hard abrasive tools are made of composite materials containing super hard grains, e.g., diamond or cubic boron nitride (CBN) grains, bound by a metallic constitutive phase. These tools are usually produced by means of sintering, and are widely applied in the abrasive machining processes of modern manufacturing, especially in precision machining. The abrasive grains, which induce the material removal processes, are embedded in the metallic binder. They emerge as a consequence of self-dressing, resulting in a self-sharping effect. Therefore, the cutting surface of the tool displays an irregular topography. Quantification of surface topography scenario may supply valuable information to evaluate and understand its correlation to wear mechanisms. In this study, an experimental protocol consisting of five steps: specimen preparation, surface scanning, image assembly, image digital processing and surface quantification, is proposed and validated by characterizing two CBN honing tools used for precision machining: B151/L2/10/50 (B151) and B91/128/x44/35 (B91) CBN honing stones. It involves the use of laser scanning microscopy and digital imaging processing for assessing significant dimensional, geometrical and positional properties of CBN grains at the surface of super hard abrasive tools. It is shown that surface topography quantification is an effective method to evaluate and obtain the defined parameters. However, smaller grains may require images with higher resolution; and thus, scanning must be refined. Finally, a critical comparative analysis of the experimental results attained for the studied tools points out honing stone B91 as more appropriated than B151 one for achieving a higher machining quality of the workpiece.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Topography Quantification of Super Hard Abrasive Tools by Laser Scanning Microscopy

Fang

Llanes

Engstler

et al. 2016

Materials Performance and Characterization

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“…Moreover, samples must be perfectly flat and with roughness lower than 5 nm [ 15 , 16 ]. The literature also reports some attempts to apply scatterometry for in-line measurements [ 17 , 18 ]; Laser speckle photography: the contrast of the speckle image is used to trace back to surface roughness. It is needed a translation of the surface or the detector to have an intensity of the speckle field high enough for the calculation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Metrological Analysis of a Backlit Vision System for Surface Roughness Measurements of Turned Parts

Baleani

Paone

Gladines

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The focus of this study is to design a backlit vision instrument capable of measuring surface roughness and to discuss its metrological performance compared to traditional measurement instruments. The instrument is a non-contact high-magnification imaging system characterized by short inspection time which opens the perspective of in-line implementation. We combined the use of the modulation transfer function to evaluate the imaging conditions of an electrically tunable lens to obtain an optimally focused image. We prepared a set of turned steel samples with different roughness in the range Ra 2.4 µm to 15.1 µm. The layout of the instrument is presented, including a discussion on how optimal imaging conditions were obtained. The paper describes the comparison performed on measurements collected with the vision system designed in this work and state-of-the-art instruments. A comparison of the results of the backlit system depends on the values of surface roughness considered; while at larger values of roughness the offset increases, the results are compatible with the ones of the stylus at lower values of roughness. In fact, the error bands are superimposed by at least 58% based on the cases analyzed.

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“…Contact measurements provide good presentation of surface morphology, but the time needed to gather data is much longer than that required by the contactless methods [25]. Contactless methods are optical methods, which can themselves be divided into the optical confocal method, interferometry, scatterometry, triangulation, and the structured light method [26][27][28][29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Real-time measurement is also possible for OCT, due to flexible positioning of its scanning head over the surface of the material moving at a low speed [30]. Depending on the physical phenomena used during the measurement process, the results may depend on the physical properties of the surface [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Morphology Analysis of Metallic Structures Formed on Flexible Textile Composite Substrates

Korzeniewska

Sekulska‐Nalewajko

Gocławski

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This paper compares methods for measuring selected morphological features on the surface of thin metallic layers applied to flexible textile substrates. The methods were tested on a silver layer with a thickness of several hundred nanometers, which was applied to a textile composite with the trade name Cordura. Measurements were carried out at the micro scale using both optical coherent tomography (OCT) and the traditional contact method of using a profilometer. Measurements at the micro-scale proved the superiority of the OCT method over the contact method. The method of contactless measurement employs a dedicated algorithm for three-dimensional surface image analysis and does not affect the delicate surface structure of the measured layer in any way. Assessment of the surface profile of textile substrates and the thin films created on them, is important when estimating the contact angle, wetting behavior, or mechanical durability of the created metallic structure that can be used as the electrodes or elements of wearable electronics or textronics systems.

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Laser methods based on an analysis of scattered light for automated, in-process inspection of machined surfaces: A review

Cited by 18 publications

References 51 publications

Surface Topography Quantification of Super Hard Abrasive Tools by Laser Scanning Microscopy

Surface Topography Quantification of Super Hard Abrasive Tools by Laser Scanning Microscopy

Design and Metrological Analysis of a Backlit Vision System for Surface Roughness Measurements of Turned Parts

Surface Morphology Analysis of Metallic Structures Formed on Flexible Textile Composite Substrates

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