Late Quaternary uplift and earthquake potential of the San Joaquin Hills, southern Los Angeles basin, California

Grant, Lisa B.; Mueller, Karl; Gath, Eldon; Cheng, Hai; Edwards, R. Lawrence; Munro, Rosalind; Kennedy, George L.

doi:10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<1031:lquaep>2.3.co;2

Cited by 49 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The ages of marine terraces across the Pacific coast of the United States and Mexico have been determined from a combination of U-series dating (Bradley and Addicott, 1968;Hanson et al, 1992;Grant et al, 1999;Muhs et al, 2002Muhs et al, , 2006Muhs et al, , 2012Muhs et al, , 2014, cosmogenic isotope soil profiles (Perg et al, 2001), radiocarbon dating (Bradley, 1956;Chaytor et al, 2008;Gurrola et al, 2014), amino-acid racemization (AAR; Kennedy et al, 1982;Muhs et al, 1990Muhs et al, , 2014Wehmiller, 1992), warm-versus cold-water fauna (Kennedy et al, 1992;Muhs et al, 2002), optically stimulated luminescence and thermoluminescence dating (Grove et al, 2010;Gurrola et al, 2014), and relative age assignments based on soil development (Merritts et al, 1991;Kelsey et al, 1996;Rockwell et al, 1994). Of these methods, U-series dating of isolated corals provides the most robust estimates of pre-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) -aged terraces, although problems dealing with open-system ages must be dealt with (see discussion in Muhs et al, 2012).…”

Section: Ages Of Marine Terraces Along the Us And Northern Mexico Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These uplift rates have provided important insights into the behavior of major tectonic features, including the Cascadia subduction zone (Muhs et al, 1990;James et al, 2009), the Mendocino triple junction (Merritts and Bull, 1989), the San Andreas fault zone (Anderson and Menking, 1994;Grove et al, 2010), and seafloor spreading centers in the Gulf of California (Mueller et al, 2009), as well as the many local faults and folds along the Pacific coast of central North America ( Fig. 1; Rockwell et al, 1989;Hanson et al, 1992;Kelsey et al, 1996;Grant et al, 1999). However, factors other than tectonics contribute to local sealevel change, and one important, yet often overlooked, contribution is the earth-ocean response to the changing distribution of surface loads of ice and water, often referred to as glacio-hydroisostatic adjustment or glacial isostatic adjustment ( glacio-isostatic adjustment).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Marine terraces and rates of vertical tectonic motion: The importance of glacio-isostatic adjustment along the Pacific coast of central North America

Simms

Rouby

Lambeck

2015

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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Differences in marine terrace elevations across the Pacific coast of North America have long been assumed to be a result of differences in the rates of tectonic motion. However, other processes, particularly glacio-isostatic adjustment, lead to regional variations in sea levels. In this study, we compiled the ele va tions of marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e (ca. 119-129 ka), 5c (ca. 106 ka), and 5a (ca. 84 ka) terraces across the Pacific coast of central North America and compared these regional variations in elevation with model predictions of glacio-isostatic adjustment after correcting for tectonics. These predictions are generally consistent with the observed trends in the elevations of the terraces and show that this process created up to 20 m of coeval variation in local sea levels along the Pacific coast of central North America (between 20°N and 45°N) during MIS 5c and MIS 5a, but less, ~4 m, during MIS 5e. Accounting for glacio-isostatic adjustment reduces the variability in uplift rates calculated at individual locations using different-aged terraces as datums. Ignoring glacio-isostatic adjustment leads to overestimated uplift rates by an average of 40%, but up to 72%, across the Pacific coast of central North America. An understanding of regional variations in glacioisostatic adjustment-corrected sea levels also contributes to the correct identification of marine terraces with mistaken ages.

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Section: Ages Of Marine Terraces Along the Us And Northern Mexico Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine terraces and rates of vertical tectonic motion: The importance of glacio-isostatic adjustment along the Pacific coast of central North America

Simms

Rouby

Lambeck

2015

Geological Society of America Bulletin

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“…The Pacific coast west of the Peninsular Ranges, from 30 to 33°N, is characterized by flights of marine terraces that imply continuous uplift during the late Quaternary. Many of the most prominent terrace platforms are present in areas where faults locally influence and control coastal structure and geomorphology, such as in the Palos Verdes Peninsula [ Woodring et al , 1946; Woodring , 1948; Muhs et al , 1992], San Joaquin Hills [ Grant et al , 1999], the Mt Soledad region of San Diego [ Kern and Rockwell , 1992], and the Punta Banda region of Baja California [ Rockwell et al , 1989] (Figures 3a and 3b). Shortening above blind thrusts, or in restraining bends of strike‐slip faults, produces local uplift in these areas that is superposed on regional uplift that occurs at a lower rate.…”

Section: Marine Terrace Uplift Along the Pacific Coastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary rift flank uplift of the Peninsular Ranges in Baja and southern California by removal of mantle lithosphere

et al. 2009

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Regional uplift in southern California, USA, and northern Baja California, Mexico, is interpreted to result from flexure of the elastic lithosphere driven largely by heating and thinning of the upper mantle beneath the Gulf of California and eastern Peninsular Ranges. The geometry and timing of faulting in the Salton Trough and Gulf of California, the history of recent rock uplift along the Pacific coastline, and geophysical data constrain models of lithospheric heating and thinning based on unloading of a continuous elastic plate. High topography that marks the ∼400‐km‐long rift shoulder in northern Baja California mimics the pattern of uplift observed along the Pacific coastline as defined by marine terraces. We interpret this to indicate that recent rock uplift has occurred across the entire width of northern Baja Peninsula and increases from west to east. Pliocene strata deposited at sea level along the Pacific coastline in southern California have not been uplifted significantly above Quaternary marine terrace deposits. This suggests the onset of rock uplift along the Pacific coast here is post‐Pliocene and occurs after Miocene crustal extension in the Salton Trough and Gulf of California. Strong heating of the mantle lid beneath the Peninsular Ranges in northern Baja California thus coincides with crustal extension limited to localized oceanic spreading in the Gulf of California.

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“…Fault-related folds, and the blind faults they are associated with, are being increasingly recognised as extremely important both from a scientific and a socio-economic viewpoint [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Much research has been directed toward understanding the manner in which they grow over geological timescales to produce the topographic features observed today [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-Dimensional Growth of Flexural Slip Fault-Bend and Fault-Propagation Folds and Their Geomorphic Expression

Bernal¹,

Hardy

Gawthorpe³

2018

Geosciences

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Abstract:The three-dimensional growth of fault-related folds is known to be an important process during the development of compressive mountain belts. However, comparatively little is known concerning the manner in which fold growth is expressed in topographic relief and local drainage networks. Here we report results from a coupled kinematic and surface process model of fault-related folding. We consider flexural slip fault-bend and fault-propagation folds that grow in both the transport and strike directions, linked to a surface process model that includes bedrock channel development and hillslope diffusion. We investigate various modes of fold growth under identical surface process conditions and critically analyse their geomorphic expression. Fold growth results in the development of steep forelimbs and gentler, wider backlimbs resulting in asymmetric drainage basin development (smaller basins on forelimbs, larger basins on backlimbs). However, topographies developed above fault-propagation folds are more symmetric than those developed above fault-bend folds as a result of their different forelimb kinematics. In addition, the surface expression of fault-bend and fault-propagation folds depends both on the slip distribution along the fault and on the style of fold growth. When along-strike plunge is a result of slip events with gently decreasing slip towards the fault tips (with or without lateral propagation), large plunge-panel drainage networks are developed at the expense of backpanel (transport-opposing) and forepanel (transport-facing) drainage basins. In contrast, if the fold grows as a result of slip events with similar displacements along strike, plunge-panel drainage networks are poorly developed (or are transient features of early fold growth) and restricted to lateral fold terminations, particularly when the number of propagation events is small. The absence of large-scale plunge-panel drainage networks in natural examples suggests that the latter mode of fold growth may be more common. The advective component of deformation (implicit in kink-band migration models of fault-bend and fault-propagation folding) exerts a strong control on drainage basin development. In particular, as drainage lengthens with fold growth, more linear, parallel drainage networks are developed as compared to the dendritic patterns developed above simple uplifting structures. Over the 1 Ma of their development the folds modelled here only attain partial topographic equilibrium, as new material is continually being advected through active axial surfaces on both fold limbs and faults are propagating in both the transport and strike directions. We also find that the position of drainage divides at the Earth's surface has a complex relationship to the underlying fold axial surface locations.

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Late Quaternary uplift and earthquake potential of the San Joaquin Hills, southern Los Angeles basin, California

Cited by 49 publications

References 16 publications

Marine terraces and rates of vertical tectonic motion: The importance of glacio-isostatic adjustment along the Pacific coast of central North America

Marine terraces and rates of vertical tectonic motion: The importance of glacio-isostatic adjustment along the Pacific coast of central North America

Quaternary rift flank uplift of the Peninsular Ranges in Baja and southern California by removal of mantle lithosphere

Three-Dimensional Growth of Flexural Slip Fault-Bend and Fault-Propagation Folds and Their Geomorphic Expression

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