Late Quaternary vegetation dynamics in a biodiversity hotspot, the Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania

Finch, Jemma; Leng, Melanie J.; Marchant, Robert

doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2009.02.005

Cited by 74 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…Instead, an important dampening effect of the IOD on long-term climate change was suggested. Stable temperatures across the LGM, and during the Last Glacial to Holocene transition, are known from the Tanzanian Eastern Arc Mountains (Mumbi et al, 2008;Finch et al, 2009). These studies suggested that moist Indian Ocean air masses caused long-term ecosystem stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid succession of plant associations on the small ocean island of Mauritius at the onset of the Holocene

Boer

Hooghiemstra

Florens

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

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Rapid succession of plant associations on the small ocean island of Mauritius at the onset of the Holocene de Boer, E.J.; Hooghiemstra, H.; Florens, F.B.V.; Baider, C.; Engels, S.; Dakos, V.; Blaauw, M.; Bennett, K.D. Published in:Quaternary Science Reviews DOI:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.02.005 Link to publicationCitation for published version (APA): de Boer, E. J., Hooghiemstra, H., Florens, F. B. V., Baider, C., Engels, S., Dakos, V., ... Bennett, K. D. (2013). Rapid succession of plant associations on the small ocean island of Mauritius at the onset of the Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews, 68, 114-125. DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2013 General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulationsIf you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: http://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. a b s t r a c tThe island of Mauritius offers the opportunity to study the poorly understood vegetation response to climate change on a small tropical oceanic island. A high-resolution pollen record from a 10 m long peat core from Kanaka Crater (560 m elevation, Mauritius, Indian Ocean) shows that vegetation shifted from a stable open wet forest Last Glacial state to a stable closed-stratified-tall-forest Holocene state. An ecological threshold was crossed at w11.5 cal ka BP, propelling the forest ecosystem into an unstable period lasting w4000 years. The shift between the two steady states involves a cascade of four abrupt (<150 years) forest transitions in which different tree species dominated the vegetation for a quasi-stable period of respectively~1900,~1100 and~900 years. We interpret the first forest transition as climatedriven, reflecting the response of a small low topography oceanic island where significant spatial biome migration is impossible. The three subsequent forest transitions are not evidently linked to climate events, and are suggested to be driven by internal forest dynamics. The cascade of four consecutive events of species turnover occurred at a remarkably fast rate compared to changes during the preceding and following periods, and might therefore be considered as a composite tipping point in the ecosystem. We hypothesize that wet gallery forest, spatially and temporally stabilized by the drainage system, served as a long lasting reservoir of biodiversity and facilitated a rapid exchange of species with the montane forests to allow for a rapid cascade of pla...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid succession of plant associations on the small ocean island of Mauritius at the onset of the Holocene

Boer

Hooghiemstra

Florens

et al. 2013

Quaternary Science Reviews

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“…This difference could result from locally drier conditions that characterize the northern slope as compared to the humid southern slope, and which most likely result in a different vegetation response to climate change. Furthermore, southward in the Eastern Arc Mountains, stable forest distribution and composition is observed through the LGM which seems to be explained by continuous humid conditions maintained by the Indian Ocean influence (Finch, Leng, & Marchant, ; Mumbi, Marchant, Hooghiemstra, & Wooller, ). On Mt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late Quaternary ecotone change between sub‐alpine and montane forest zone on the leeward northern slope of Mt. Kilimanjaro

Montade¹,

Schüler²,

Hemp

et al. 2018

J Vegetation Science

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Questions How did the montane forest of the leeward northern slopes on Mt. Kilimanjaro respond to climate fluctuation during the late Quaternary? Location Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Methods Pollen, phytolith and macro‐charcoal analyses from a palaeosol. Results Palaeoecological analyses indicate that vegetation was mainly characterized by Ericaceae with Poaceae dominated by cold‐adapted C3 highland grasses during the pre‐LGM and the LGM. From the last deglaciation onwards, the previous assemblage was progressively replaced by Podocarpus forest associated with Clematis and later the expansion of ferns, then Araliaceae, Hagenia abyssinica, Ilex mitis and Olea started in the early Holocene. Conclusion Vegetation dynamics reveal that open sub‐alpine vegetation associated with some components of afro‐alpine grassland was located at a lower elevation than today, related to cold and dry conditions during the Late Glacial. In contrast to Mt. Kenya, our results show an absence of C4 grass expansion on the northern slope of Mt. Kilimanjaro during the LGM. From the last deglaciation to the early Holocene, under temperature and precipitation increase, the vegetation zones moved upward, as indicated by the development of upper montane forest at the expense of the sub‐alpine vegetation. Although we confirm the altitudinal movements of vegetation zones generally observed from the Late Glacial to the Holocene in East African mountains, our results also reveal the importance of local environmental conditions in mountain vegetation response.

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“…Both of these records reveal a picture of cooling climate in eastern Africa at the time when Magubike was first occupied, a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 5 , 0 0 0 B P. M o r e s p e c i f i c paleoenvironmental data for the Iringa region is unfortunately limited. Lake cores from the Eastern Arc Mountains,~40 km to the east of Magubike, show long-term climate stability dating back to at least~48,000 BP, but do not necessarily imply climate stability further back in time (Finch et al 2009;Mumbi et al 2008). Environmental analysis of Magubike and its surrounding topography is planned for the near future to extend this sequence further back into the MSA and to test the environmental hypotheses explored in this article.…”

Section: Palaeoclimate Of Eastern Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Middle Stone Age Technology and Cultural Evolution at Magubike Rockshelter, Southern Tanzania

Werner

Willoughby

2017

Afr Archaeol Rev

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This paper contributes new information to the body of evidence for Middle Stone Age tool-use in Tanzania. Magubike rockshelter is located in an archaeologically unexplored region of the south-central part of the country, and thus fills a significant geographical gap between sites further to the north and those to the south in Zambia and Mozambique. Early analysis of a portion of the lithic materials demonstrates parallel changes in lithic reduction intensity, raw material preference and typology. This article explores possible explanations for this pattern, including the possibility that they reflect changes to local environment, and suggests avenues for future research.Résumé Cet article apporte de nouvelles informations à l'ensemble des preuves sur l'utilisationd'outille de l'âge de pierre moyen en Tanzanie. L'abris sous roches de Magubike est situé dansune région archéologique inexplorée de la partie sud-centrale du pays, et remplit ainsi unespace géographique entre les sites plus au nord et celles du sud en Zambie et au Mozambique. L'analyse préliminaire d'une partie des matériaux lithiques démontre des changementsparallèles dans l'intensité de réduction lithique, la préférence des matières premières et de latypologie. Cet article explore les explications possibles de ce modèle, y compris la possibilitéqu'elles reflètent des changements de l'environnement local, et propose des pistes pour larecherche future.

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Late Quaternary vegetation dynamics in a biodiversity hotspot, the Uluguru Mountains of Tanzania

Cited by 74 publications

References 69 publications

Rapid succession of plant associations on the small ocean island of Mauritius at the onset of the Holocene

Rapid succession of plant associations on the small ocean island of Mauritius at the onset of the Holocene

Late Quaternary ecotone change between sub‐alpine and montane forest zone on the leeward northern slope of Mt. Kilimanjaro

Middle Stone Age Technology and Cultural Evolution at Magubike Rockshelter, Southern Tanzania

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