Latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk factors among people living with HIV and apparently healthy blood donors at the University of Gondar referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Abstract

Objective Immuno-compromised individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) are at an increased risk for tuberculosis reactivation compared with the general population. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) and apparently healthy blood donors. Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive individuals and for the purpose of comparison apparently healthy blood donors were enrolled. Blood sample was collected and tested for LTBI using QuantiFeron-TB Gold In-Tube assay (QFT-GIT) and CD4+ T cell count was determined by using BD FACS count. Results The overall prevalence of LTBI regardless of HIV status was 46%. The prevalence of LTBI among PLWH was 44% and that of blood donors 48%. ART naïve HIV positive patients were three times more likely to have LTBI than patients under ART treatment (P = 0.04). Data also showed statistically significant negative association between previous or current preventive INH therapy and LTBI among HIV positive cases (P = 0.005). The proportion of LTBI was slightly lower among HIV positive individuals than apparently healthy blood donors. Nevertheless, HIV positive individuals should be screened for LTBI and take INH prophylaxis.

Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and associated risk factors in prison in East Wollega Zone of western Ethiopia

“…Thus, this cross-sectional study was to estimate IGRA based prevalence of LTBI and the possible associated risk factors in East Wollega Zonal prisoners. The prevalence observed in this study (51.7%) was different from the prevalence of LTI among the general population as noted by the WHO, which estimates it around 30% [3], as well as by a study carried out in the general Ethiopia population which estimates it around 46% [21] and congruent with pastoral communities in Southern part of Ethiopia (50.5%) [22]. In our findings the prevalence of LTBI were markedly higher than the prevalence in prisons of countries like USA (6.3%) [23]; UK (11.5%) [24], (7.1%) [25]; Australia (14.0%) [26]; Italy PLOS ONE (17.9%) [27]; Canada (32.3%) [28]; Spain (40.3%) [29]; Switzerland (46.9%) [30] and Minas Gerais (25.2%) [31].…”

Latent tuberculosis among household contacts of pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Nairobi, Kenya

“…There are three possible outcomes of exposure to an infectious TB case: the infection may be cleared by sterilizing immunity [ 3 ] as evidenced by immunological assays [ 4 ]; development of active TB and development of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Studies have shown that 10% of LTB infected individuals develop active TB and because of the underlying immune deficiency, HIV-infected individuals with LTBI are at 26-fold higher risk for TB reactivation [ 5 ].…”

Prevalence, associated factors and rifampicin resistance pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV-positive patients attending antiretroviral treatment clinic at East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia: An institution-based cross-sectional study

“…In the present study, having family members treated for pulmonary TB was significantly associated with pulmonary TB (P = 0.003, [AOR = 4.5; 95 % CI = 3.59–58.8]). This could be due to living with or close contact with pulmonary TB positive family will lead to latent TB and later which will reactivate during immune suppression among HIV patients compared with the general population [39] , [40] . In this study, cigarette smokers are twice more likely to have pulmonary TB as compared to non-cigarette smokers (P = 0.039, [AOR = 2.18; 95 %CI = 1.17–40.5]).…”