Lattice Boltzmann simulation of a gas diffusion layer with a gradient polytetrafluoroethylene distribution for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Wang, Yulin; Xu, Haokai; Zhang, Zhe; Li, Hua; Wang, Xiaodong

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119248

Cited by 66 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…Multiphase lattice Boltzmann models are mesoscopic models based on the Boltzmann equation. They have been successfully applied to investigate practical engineering problems [7,8]. These models can be roughly divided into four categories, color-gradient models [9], pseudopotential multiphase models [10,11], free energy models [12], and phase-field-based models [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

General mechanisms for stabilizing weakly compressible multiphase models and their applications

Adams

2023

Preprint

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The present paper analyzes three representative weakly compressible multiphase models. It is found that these models contain some identical numerical dissipation terms, pressure diffusion, and bulk viscosity terms. Numerical investigations show that these identical numerical dissipation terms interpret general mechanisms for stabilizing computations. The generality of mechanisms is reflected in (a) they are likely to present in many weakly compressible multiphase models and (b) they represent interpretable physical mechanisms. Based on those general mechanisms, many weakly compressible multiphase models can be incorporated into a general theoretical framework. And a general weakly compressible solver for multiphase flows (GWCS-MF) is proposed. It is derived from standard governing equations and can easily be applied to nonuniform meshes. Detailed numerical tests demonstrate that it can achieve good numerical stability and accuracy for challenging conditions (inviscid fluids, large density ratios, high Weber numbers, and high Reynolds numbers) and can simulate complex interface evolution well. These good performances exhibit the advantages of GWCS-MF and further validate those general mechanisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

General mechanisms for stabilizing weakly compressible multiphase models and their applications

Adams

2023

Preprint

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“…Some researchers improved drainage was favored by increasing the PTFE concentration in the GDL inlet region. [27] The thickness of GDL was also one of the important factors affecting water and gas management of the GDL. Experimental studies on the effect of GDL thickness shown that there existed an optimal MPL thickness to achieve optimal performance in fuel cell.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of two-stage microporous layers with gradient pore structure using pore-making agent for improving the performance of fuel cell

Zhao

Zhang

Zhao

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In this paper, a gradient pore size structure gas diffusion layer (GDL) was prepared. The pore structure of microporous layers (MPL) were controlled by pore-making agent ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3). The effects of the two-stage MPL and the different pore size structures in the two-stage MPL on the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) were investigated. The results of the conductivity and water contact angle tests showed that the GDL had outstanding conductivity and good hydrophobicity. The results of the pore size distribution test indicated that the introduction of a pore-making agent altered the pore size distribution of the GDL as well as increased the capillary pressure difference within the GDL. Specifically, there was an increase in pore size within the 7-20 μm and 20-50 μm ranges, which improved the stability of water and gas transmission within the fuel cell. The maximum power density of the GDL03 was increased by 37.1% at 40% humidity, 38.9% at 60% humidity, and 40.3% at 100% humidity when compared to the commercial GDL29BC in a hydrogen-air environment. The design of gradient MPL ensured that pore size between carbon paper and MPL changed from an initially abrupt state to a smooth transition state, which greatly improved water and gas management capabilities of proton exchange membrane fuel cell.

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“…Lack of balance in liquid water may lead to either electrode flooding or dehydration of membrane. Different strategies have been proposed and implemented in the literature in order to address the problem of water management and transport in PEM fuel cells, [13,14] the most important of which is flow-field design. [15][16][17][18] The flow-field design not only affects water management but also the distribution of reactants in fuel cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Porous Carbon Inserts on the Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: A Parametric Numerical Study

et al. 2022

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Herein, for the first time, a computational fluid dynamic study is performed to investigate the effects of using porous carbon inserts (PCI) on the performance of PEMFC. A 3D multiphase multicomponent model is developed to simulate the fuel cell performance. The effects of several geometric and physical parameters of the PCI, including porosity, size, and the arrangement of PCI in the landing area, are numerically examined, which are not investigated in the literature so far. The numerical results showed that using PCI, a 23% improvement in the fuel cell performance is achieved for the optimum case with 80% PCI. In addition, increasing the PCI porosity results in performance enhancement (12.6% improvement when increasing the porosity up to 0.8). Using PCI with different rib/channel width ratios demonstrates that the use of PCI at higher ratios has a more significant effect. When using 34.1% PCI in a case with a ratio of 2:1, the performance increases about 35%. Moreover, a PCI with larger longitudinal size (4 mm compared to 2 mm) shows higher performance enhancement (5.3% compared to 3.5%).

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Lattice Boltzmann simulation of a gas diffusion layer with a gradient polytetrafluoroethylene distribution for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

Cited by 66 publications

References 50 publications

General mechanisms for stabilizing weakly compressible multiphase models and their applications

General mechanisms for stabilizing weakly compressible multiphase models and their applications

Preparation of two-stage microporous layers with gradient pore structure using pore-making agent for improving the performance of fuel cell

The Role of Porous Carbon Inserts on the Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells: A Parametric Numerical Study

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