Laufsport und der Zusammenhang zwischen Training und Körperbau

Abstract

Running can be performed as a sprint discipline on the track over a few meters up to 10 km to the marathon and ultramarathon running distances over hundreds to thousands of kilometers. Running performance is influenced by a variety of anthropometric and training factors. Morphological features such as skin fold thickness, body fat percentage, circumferences and length of limbs, body weight, body height and body mass index (BMI) seem to have an influence on the running performance. The training volume and running speed during training are also correlated with running performance. When all variables were investigated comparatively, body fat and running speed during training were usually the most important influencing factors. For longer running performances (over 6 hours or 100 km, respectively), the aspects of experience (number of successfully finished races) and personal best times were, however, far more important than training volume or morphological characteristics such as body fat. It was also shown that ultra runners prepare differently (lower running speed and higher running volume) as runners competing over shorter distances such as half-marathon and marathon.

Análisis de la velocidad adoptada en corredores de Maratón (Analysis of the pacing strategies used by Marathon runners)

“…Por último, en el grupo de los atletas más lentos, el porcentaje de atletas que utilizaron un ritmo positivo fue mayor en comparación con el resto de grupos. La disminución de la velocidad en deportes de larga resistencia se debe a diversos factores como la regulación del ritmo, que es dictado en gran medida por la capacidad de resistir la fatiga (Abbiss & Laursen, 2008;Haney & Mercer, 2011), por un proceso de aprendizaje (Lambert et al, 2004) y por la temperatura, además de otras variables como la experiencia o el nivel de entrenamiento (Knechtle, et al, 2015;Trubee, et al, 2014).…”