Layered double hydroxide-based fire resistant coatings for flexible polyurethane foam

Li, Yu‐Chin; Yang, Yuanchao; Shields, John R.; Davis, Rick D.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2014.11.023

Cited by 45 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Unfortunately, when burnt halogenated compounds emit toxic smoke, thus polluting the environment and damaging human health. As environmental awareness develops, many halogen-free flame retardants have been used to improve the fire resistance of PU foams and their composites, e.g., phosphorus compounds [11][12][13], intumescent flame retardants [14,15], metal hydroxide [16,17], and waste-based and filler-type additives [18,19]. Some of the waste-based and filler-type additives consist of inorganic particles that can act as a flame spread barrier and improve fire resistance characteristics, such as heat release rate, as well as shift towards higher thermal degradation temperature [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Suppression and Thermal Behavior of Biobased Rigid Polyurethane Foam Filled with Biomass Incineration Waste Ash

et al. 2020

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Currently, there is great demand to implement circular economy principles and motivate producers of building materials to integrate into a closed loop supply chain system and improve sustainability of their end-product. Therefore, it is of great interest to replace conventional raw materials with inorganic or organic waste-based and filler-type additives to promote sustainability and the close loop chain. This article investigates the possibility of bottom waste incineration ash (WA) particles to be used as a flame retardant replacement to increase fire safety and thermal stability under higher temperatures. From 10 wt.% to 50 wt.% WA particles do not significantly deteriorate performance characteristics, such as compressive strength, thermal conductivity, and water absorption after 28 days of immersion, and at 32 • C WA particles improve the thermal stability of resultant PU foams. Furthermore, 50 wt.% WA particles reduce average heat release by 69% and CO 2 and CO yields during fire by 76% and 77%, respectively. Unfortunately, WA particles do not act as a smoke suppressant and do not reduce smoke release rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Suppression and Thermal Behavior of Biobased Rigid Polyurethane Foam Filled with Biomass Incineration Waste Ash

et al. 2020

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“…Meanwhile, the mixed metal oxide and char residue generated by the polymer/LDHs composite can protect the polymer from the air exposure and in turn suppress smoke production [9,10]. Furthermore, since the composition of the metal layers of LDHs can be varied, there are enormous potential applications as flame retardants [11]. Based on the above advantages of LDHs, we have paid significant attention to the design and preparation of LDHs as a non-halogenated additive of EVA [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardance and Smoke Suppression of CFA/APP/LDHs/EVA Composite

Wang

Shi

et al. 2016

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:A new intumescent flame-retardants (IFR) system including the charing-foaming agent (CFA), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and modified-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with different transition metals (Ni, Co, Cu) were used in the ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) matrix. Both the limiting oxygen index and the vertical burning tests indicate that the CFA/APP system and LDHs have significant synergistic flame retardant effects. The morphology of combustion residues indicates that the many pores of residues can prevent the melt dripping. The thermal analysis shows that the flame retardants obviously enhanced the thermal degradation temperature of ethylene-based chains of the composites. The cone calorimeter test reveals that the CO 2 and combustion residues have an important influence on the reduction of heat release rate (HRR), the smoke production rate (SPR), the production rate and the mean release yield of CO. The composite containing Cu (ELDH-Cu) delivers an 82% reduction in peak heat release rate, while ELDH-Ni has the best CO suppression among all composites. This work not only confirms the flame retardance and smoke suppression of CFA/APP/LDH/EVA, but also provides an effective method for producing new flame retardants and smoke suppressants.

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“…The high R exp value is attributed to dehydration reaction of polyphosphoric acid and its conglutination, filling action in the gaps of "graphite worms" agglomerates, which accelerates the formation of the continuous and compact residual barrier as shown in Fig. 5d' and [6]d [49].…”

Section: Influence Of Frs On Rpufs Combustion Behavior and Thermal Stmentioning

confidence: 98%

Halogen‐free flame retarded rigid polyurethane foam: The influence of titanium dioxide modified expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on flame retardancy and thermal stability

Pang

Chang

Weng

2018

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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A titanium dioxide modified expendable graphite (EGT) was prepared and characterized. The synergistic effect between EGT and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) on the combustion characteristics and thermal stability of rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) were investigated through limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical‐combustion, microscale combustion calorimeter tests, and thermogravimetric/differential thermal gravimetric (TG/DTG) analysis. Results showed that EGT modified RPUF presented better thermal stability and flame retardancy than the normal expandable graphite (EG) modified RPUF. Addition of EGT improved the LOI value of 80RPUF/20EGT from 19.0% to 26.9%. Furthermore, the combination of EGT and APP caused the 80RPUF/10APP/10EGT to exhibit a LOI value of 27.8%, a vertical burning level of V‐0 and a total heat release of 16.5 kJ g−1. The research gave a body of evidence for synergistic performance between EGT and APP, and the effect of condensed phase mechanism was believed to be the main reason for such synergistic effect. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:2008–2018, 2018. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Layered double hydroxide-based fire resistant coatings for flexible polyurethane foam

Cited by 45 publications

References 58 publications

Fire Suppression and Thermal Behavior of Biobased Rigid Polyurethane Foam Filled with Biomass Incineration Waste Ash

Fire Suppression and Thermal Behavior of Biobased Rigid Polyurethane Foam Filled with Biomass Incineration Waste Ash

Flame Retardance and Smoke Suppression of CFA/APP/LDHs/EVA Composite

Halogen‐free flame retarded rigid polyurethane foam: The influence of titanium dioxide modified expandable graphite and ammonium polyphosphate on flame retardancy and thermal stability

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