LCI Modeling Challenges and Solutions for a Complex Product System: A Mid-Sized Automobile

Keoleian, Gregory A.; Lewis, George Cornewall; Coulon, Rémi; Camobreco, Vincent J.; Teulon, Hélène

doi:10.4271/982169

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The vehicle production and disposal cycle includes material extraction, processing, and fabrication; component production; vehicle assembly; endof-life management; and the transportation of goods between these phases [18]. The vehicle production and disposal cycle contributes about 10%-20% of the total vehicle life cycle greenhouse gas emissions [18,20,21].…”

Section: Life Cycle System Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of ‘Cash for Clunkers’ on greenhouse gas emissions: a life cycle perspective

Keoleian

Bolon

2010

Environ. Res. Lett.

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One of the goals of the US Consumer Assistance to Recycle and Save (CARS) Act of 2009, more commonly known as 'Cash for Clunkers', was to improve the US vehicle fleet fuel efficiency. Previous studies of the program's environmental impact have focused mainly on the effect of improved fuel economy, and the resulting reductions in fuel use and emissions during the vehicle use phase. We propose and apply a method for analyzing the net effect of CARS on greenhouse gas emissions from a full vehicle life cycle perspective, including the impact of premature production and retirement of vehicles. We find that CARS had a one-time effect of preventing 4.4 million metric tons of CO 2 -equivalent emissions, about 0.4% of US annual light-duty vehicle emissions. Of these, 3.7 million metric tons are avoided during the period of the expected remaining life of the inefficient 'clunkers'. 1.5 million metric tons are avoided as consumers purchase vehicles that are more efficient than their next replacement vehicle would otherwise have been. An additional 0.8 million metric tons are emitted as a result of premature manufacturing and disposal of vehicles. These results are sensitive to the remaining lifetime of the 'clunkers' and to the fuel economy of new vehicles in the absence of CARS, suggesting important considerations for policymakers deliberating on the use of accelerated vehicle retirement programs as a part of the greenhouse gas emissions policy.

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Section: Life Cycle System Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of ‘Cash for Clunkers’ on greenhouse gas emissions: a life cycle perspective

Keoleian

Bolon

2010

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…The engine parts list used for this study is based on the 3.5 L 3 internal combustion gasoline automotive engine that was modeled as part of the 1995 U.S. Automotive Materials Partnership (USAMP) LCI of a generic midsize vehicle 4 (Keoleian et al 1998). The engine is a 60Њ V-6 with a 3.5 L displacement and 5.2 L engine oil capacity.…”

Section: Product System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data sets necessary for modeling the material production, parts production, and new engine manufacturing stages and the transportation between them were obtained from a previous study carried out by the USAMP LCA special topics group and from the Database for Environmental Assessment and Management (DEAM) (Keoleian et al 1998). DEAM is a life-cycle database created by Ecobilan, an LCA consulting firm.…”

Section: Data Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Value of Remanufactured Engines: Life‐Cycle Environmental and Economic Perspectives

Smith

Keoleian

2004

J of Industrial Ecology

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151

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Remanufacturing restores used automotive engines to like‐new condition, providing engines that are functionally equivalent to a new engine at much lower environmental and economic costs than the manufacture of a new engine. A life‐cycle assessment (LCA) model was developed to investigate the energy savings and pollution prevention that are achieved in the United States through remanufacturing a midsized automotive gasoline engine compared to an original equipment manufacturer manufacturing a new one. A typical full‐service machine shop, which is representative of 55% of the engine remanufacturers in the United States, was inventoried, and three scenarios for part replacement were analyzed. The life‐cycle model showed that the remanufactured engine could be produced with 68% to 83% less energy and 73% to 87% fewer carbon dioxide emissions. The life‐cycle model showed significant savings for other air emissions as well, with 48% to 88% carbon monoxide (CO) reductions, 72% to 85% nitrogen oxide (NOx) reductions, 71% to 84% sulfur oxide (SOx) reductions, and 50% to 61% nonmethane hydrocarbon reductions. Raw material consumption was reduced by 26% to 90%, and solid waste generation was reduced by 65% to 88%. The comparison of environmental burdens is accompanied by an economic survey of suppliers of new and remanufactured automotive engines showing a price difference for the consumer of between 30% and 53% for the remanufactured engine, with the greatest savings realized when the remanufactured engine is purchased directly from the remanufacturer.

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“…As noted by a number of LCA investigators (Keoleian et al, 1998;Kobayashi, 1997;Sullivan et al, 1998b), vehicles are comprised of thousands of parts and components, each of which is generally composed of a number of constituent materials. Complicating the process of tallying up the various burdens of numerous vehicle parts and components is the fact that some are made by the vehicle manufacturer and others outsourced to suppliers (Tier 1, Tier 2, etc.).…”

Section: Scope and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The USCAR study reports E vm as 39.9 GJ for a 1530-kg vehicle; a value of C vm is also given (see Table 1). A more detailed discussion of the approach for calculating the {VM} vector has been given by Keoleian et al (1998). However, they argue that their VMA burden estimates might be too owing to data omissions for 1) some subassemblies; 2) part fabrication processes such as welding, and painting; and 3) some OEM plant processes.…”

Section: Scope and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-consumption and carbon-emission analysis of vehicle and component manufacturing.

Sullivan¹,

Burnham²,

Wang³

2010

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LCI Modeling Challenges and Solutions for a Complex Product System: A Mid-Sized Automobile

Cited by 21 publications

References 1 publication

The impact of ‘Cash for Clunkers’ on greenhouse gas emissions: a life cycle perspective

The impact of ‘Cash for Clunkers’ on greenhouse gas emissions: a life cycle perspective

The Value of Remanufactured Engines: Life‐Cycle Environmental and Economic Perspectives

Energy-consumption and carbon-emission analysis of vehicle and component manufacturing.

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