Leachability of microplastic from different plastic materials

Gross Negligence: Impacts of Microplastics and Plastic Leachates on Phytoplankton Community and Ecosystem Dynamics

“…Profiling the plastic additives is often very difficult and a humongous exercise due to the diversity of plastic materials and of additives used by manufacturers. The concentrations of individual chemical species in PL are challenging to quantify as these compounds are often present in trace amounts, at times lower than analytical detection limits, except for a few additives that are added in high amounts and leach in quantifiable concentrations. ,,, Responsible manufacturing, regulation of additive usage, additive profiling and labeling by manufacturers, and increasing awareness on the generation of PL represent promising directions for policy advices and mitigation measures.…”

“…Profiling the plastic additives is often very difficult and a humongous exercise due to the diversity of plastic materials and of additives used by manufacturers. The concentrations of individual chemical species in PL are challenging to quantify as these compounds are often present in trace amounts, at times lower than analytical detection limits, except for a few additives that are added in high amounts and leach in quantifiable concentrations. ,,, Responsible manufacturing, regulation of additive usage, additive profiling and labeling by manufacturers, and increasing awareness on the generation of PL represent promising directions for policy advices and mitigation measures. In the case of PL, environmental concentrations are a few orders of magnitude lower than most dosages used in experimental studies. However, the mixtures of chemicals and other stressors in the environment cause cumulative toxicity, as the combined toxicity is usually higher than just the sum of toxicity of the individual components, and every chemical will interact synergistically or antagonistically and thus affect overall toxicity. , Further, the laboratory-scale experiments employing single species toxicity or communities in laboratory-controlled environments are vastly different from the much more complex environmental conditions.…”

Microplastics accumulation in agricultural soil: Evidence for the presence, potential effects, extraction, and current bioremediation approaches

“…Even though it is retentive process, ultimately the plastic waste keeps breaking into smaller particles due to environmental conditions and get run-off with wind or heavy rains to nearby crop fields [12,20]. The plastic waste from these landfill sites also release leachates, toxic chemicals, and heavy metals that increase soil pH and soil toxicity [21]. Table 1 shows evident sources and types of MPs detected in farm soil and techniques used to identify and quantitate them.…”

Depolymerization of post-consumer PET bottles with engineered cutinase 1 fromThermobifida cellulosilytica

“…[7][8][9] However, the degradation of post-consumer PET in the natural environment is very slow, which raises serious concerns about environmental pollution and public health. [10][11][12] Therefore, inappropriate disposal of PET residuals has emerged as a hot topic, calling for alternative techniques for cleaner and more effective PET upcycling. 13,14 The upcycling of PET can be achieved by the chemical catalytic cleavage of ester bonds, 15 which usually requires harsh conditions such as high tempera-tures (>180 °C), strong acids, strong bases, or expensive homogeneous catalysts.…”