Leaching standards for mineral recycling materials – A harmonized regulatory concept for the upcoming German Recycling Decree

Susset, Bernd; Grathwohl, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2010.08.017

Cited by 37 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This model is based on the framework of the European Groundwater Directive (GWD) (EC, 2006(EC, , 2009, European Landfill Directive (ELD) (EC, 1999) and the proposed acceptance criteria for landfilling of the DHI in Denmark (Miljøstyrelsen, 2003). A similar conceptual model was previously developed in the leaching studies of the reuse of building materials in the Netherlands (Verschoor et al, 2006Susset and Grathwohl 2010;Dijkstra et al, 2013b) and the studies of Laner (2011) and Laner et al (2012a,b).…”

Section: Conceptual Model To Derive Epcmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach in calculating site-specific aftercare completion criteria for landfills in The Netherlands: Policy developments

et al. 2016

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As part of a more circular economy, current attention on waste is shifting from landfilling towards the prevention, re-use and recycling of waste materials. Although the need for landfills is decreasing, there are many landfills around the world that are still operational or at the point of starting the aftercare period. With traditional aftercare management, these landfills require perpetual aftercare at considerable cost due to monitoring and regular maintenance of liners. In an attempt to lower these aftercare costs, and to prevent that future generations become responsible for finding a sustainable solution of present day waste, the Dutch government takes action to explore the possibilities of sustainable landfill management. A project was started to investigate whether the use of source-oriented treatment techniques (so-called active treatment) of landfills can result in a sustainable emission reduction to soil and groundwater. During the next decade, sustainable landfill management is tested at three selected pilot landfills in the Netherlands. To enable this pilot testing and to determine its success after the experimental treatment period, a new methodology and conceptual framework was developed. The aim of this paper is to describe the development of the new methodology, and in particular the policy decisions, needed to determine whether the pilot experiments will be successful. The pilot projects are considered successful when the concentrations in the leachate of the pilot landfills have sufficiently been reduced and for longer periods of time and comply with the derived site-specific Environmental Protection Criteria (EPC). In that case, aftercare can be reduced, and it can be determined whether sustainable landfill management is economically feasible for further implementation.

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Section: Conceptual Model To Derive Epcmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel approach in calculating site-specific aftercare completion criteria for landfills in The Netherlands: Policy developments

et al. 2016

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“…Leaching tests are widely used for the determination of contaminant release rates from soils [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], recycling materials [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], construction products [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], radioactive and other waste materials [ 17 , 18 ]. Compared to traditional batch shaking tests, column tests are preferred for assessing the risk of release of potential pollutants into groundwater or surface waters because they are closer to natural conditions [ 19 , 20 ]. Different mechanisms controlling desorption kinetics may result in complex leaching behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Transfer Principles in Column Percolation Tests: Initial Conditions and Tailing in Heterogeneous Materials

2021

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Initial conditions (pre-equilibrium or after the first flooding of the column), mass transfer mechanisms and sample composition (heterogeneity) have a strong impact on leaching of less and strongly sorbing compounds in column percolation tests. Mechanistic models as used in this study provide the necessary insight to understand the complexity of column leaching tests especially when heterogeneous samples are concerned. By means of numerical experiments, we illustrate the initial concentration distribution inside the column after the first flooding and how this impacts leaching concentrations. Steep concentration gradients close to the outlet of the column have to be expected for small distribution coefficients (Kd<1 L kg−1) and longitudinal dispersion leads to smaller initial concentrations than expected under equilibrium conditions. In order to elucidate the impact of different mass transfer mechanisms, film diffusion across an external aqueous boundary layer (first order kinetics, FD) and intraparticle pore diffusion (IPD) are considered. The results show that IPD results in slow desorption kinetics due to retarded transport within the tortuous intragranular pores. Non-linear sorption has not much of an effect if compared to Kd values calculated for the appropriate concentration range (e.g., the initial equilibrium concentration). Sample heterogeneity in terms of grain size and different fractions of sorptive particles in the sample have a strong impact on leaching curves. A small fraction (<1%) of strongly sorbing particles (high Kd) carrying the contaminant may lead to very slow desorption rates (because of less surface area)—especially if mass release is limited by IPD—and thus non-equilibrium. In contrast, mixtures of less sorbing fine material (“labile” contamination with low Kd), with a small fraction of coarse particles carrying the contaminant leads to leaching close to or at equilibrium showing a step-wise concentration decline in the column effluent.

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“…Water pollution secondary to expanding agricultural sector and human settlements, poor planning of drainage and safe sanitary facilities, pollution related to the industrial sector, and neglected or sub-optimal watershed management practices [7,8] all contribute to a shortage of clean drinking water [9][10][11]. In addition, the failure to adopt proper soil and water conservation measures, lack of clean air and clean water policies, irresponsible use of agrochemicals, and lack of enforcement of environmental laws and a nationwide long-term sustainable water plan, further increase the scarcity of clean water [6,12], and escalate the incidences of chronic human ill-health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agrochemicals and Chronic Kidney Disease of Multi-Factorial Origin: Environmentally Induced Occupational Exposure An Occupational Exposure Disease

J¹

2015

Int J Nephrol Kidney Failure

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The contamination of food and water through waste and agricultural runoff poses serious threats to humans. Pollution with microbes causes noticeable diarrheal diseases, whereas agrochemicals, heavy metals, fluoride, and toxins cause insidious diseases and premature deaths. Chronic kidney disease of unknown origin (CKDuo) was first seen in dry-zonal agricultural regions in equatorial countries in the mid-1960s, and in Sri Lanka, in mid-1990s. A number of agents and toxins have been postulated as the cause of CKD of multifactorial origin (CKDmfo/CKDuo), including heavy metals, agrochemicals, fluoride, fungal and bacterial toxins, climate change; and a number of behavioral factors. Meanwhile, several other potential nephrotoxic causes have not been investigated, including the indiscriminate and excessive use of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, illegal drugs and illicit alcohol, microbial agents (leptospirosis, Hanta virus etc.), chronic dehydration, and exposure to various combinations of these toxic agents in the presence of unhealthy habits. The incidence of CKDmfo is doubling every 4 to 5 years in Sri Lanka, leading to more than 5,000 deaths annually; excess of 150,000 people are currently affected. Although a number of agents have been postulated, no single offending agent has been identified as the cause of CKDmfo. To alleviate CKDmfo, it is essential to take a broader, holistic approach: carry out a massive awareness campaign, prevent environmental pollution, lessen malnutrition, correct unhealthy behaviors and habits acquired during recent past, and provide clean water completely devoid of nephrotoxins to all inhabitants in the affected communities. A sustained, coordinated, targeted, and effective approach is essential to decrease the disease incidence, prevention of premature deaths, and eradication of CKDmfo. This review explores pros and cons of agrochemicals as a potential cause of this deadly disease.

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Leaching standards for mineral recycling materials – A harmonized regulatory concept for the upcoming German Recycling Decree

Cited by 37 publications

References 33 publications

A novel approach in calculating site-specific aftercare completion criteria for landfills in The Netherlands: Policy developments

A novel approach in calculating site-specific aftercare completion criteria for landfills in The Netherlands: Policy developments

Mass Transfer Principles in Column Percolation Tests: Initial Conditions and Tailing in Heterogeneous Materials

Agrochemicals and Chronic Kidney Disease of Multi-Factorial Origin: Environmentally Induced Occupational Exposure An Occupational Exposure Disease

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