Lead exposure and hair lead level of workers in a lead refinery industry in Iran

Pirsaraei, Seyed Reza Azimi

doi:10.4103/0019-5278.32457

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The mean hair lead concentration in the case group was more than normal range (0–30 μg/g). The mean hair lead level in the citizens who used gas vehicles was statistically higher than who had not used it (36.9 ± 12.2 μg/g vs. 16.6 ± 4.9 μg/g)[16]. …”

Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review on status of lead pollution and toxicity in Iran; Guidance for preventive measures

2012

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Lead is an old environmental metal which is presented everywhere and lead poisoning is an important health issue in many countries in the world including Iran. It is known as a silent environmental disease which can have life-long adverse health effects. In children, the most vulnerable population, mental development of children health effects is of the greatest influence. Low level lead exposure can significantly induce motor dysfunctions and cognitive impairment in children. The sources of lead exposure vary among countries. Occupational lead exposure is an important health issue in Iran and mine workers, employees of paint factories, workers of copying centers, drivers, and tile making factories are in higher risk of lead toxicity. Moreover lead processing industry has always been a major of concern which affects surface water, drinking waters, and ground waters, even water of Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf and rivers due to increasing the number of industries in vicinity of rivers that release their waste discharges into river or sea. In addition, lead contamination of soil and air especially in vicinity of polluted and industrialized cities is another health problem in Iran. Even foods such as rice and fishes, raw milk, and vegetables which are the most common food of Iranian population are polluted to lead in some area of Iran. Adding lead to the opium is a recently health hazard in Iran that has been observed among opium addicts. There are few studies evaluated current status of lead exposure and toxicity in the Iranian children and pregnant women which should be taken into account of authorities. We recommend to identify sources, eliminate or control sources, and monitor environmental exposures and hazards to prevent lead poisoning.

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Section: Findings and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review on status of lead pollution and toxicity in Iran; Guidance for preventive measures

2012

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“…Penemuan penelitian di dekat kota Zanjan, Iran (sampai 15 km dari sana) menunjukkan bahwa rerata level Pb rambut di masyarakat dan staff Zanjan adalah normal (0-30 μg/g), namun level Pb rambut minimum pada pekerja yang terpapar dari tempat kerja ditemukan 38,6 μg/g lebih tinggi dari batas normal. Jadi, bekerja di tempat kerja dengan udara yang terkontaminasi Pb dan pekerja yang berhubungan dengan paparan tempat kerja telah meningkatkan level Pb rambut (Pirsaraei, 2007). Ada 38 mineral yang biasa dideteksi dalam rambut manusia, termasuk logam berbahaya antara lain timbal, merkuri, cadmium dan aluminium yang biasanya terhirup dari lingkungan terpolusi.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Hasil kadar Pb rambut pada petugas pengangkut sampah di TPS Mulyorejo masih dalam kategori normal. Hal ini bertentangan dengan penelitian Pirsaraei (2007) (Palar, 2008, Ardiyanto, 2005. Hanya 15% yang akan mengendap pada jaringan tubuh dari jumlah yang terserap dan sisanya akan terbuang bersama bahan sisa metabolisme seperti urin dan feses (Palar, 2008).…”

Section: Kadar Pb Rambut Respondenunclassified

Hair Pb Levels, Work Duration and Health Complaints, of Waste Officers on Temporary Dump Site (Study on Dumpster Temporary Dump Site Mulyorejo Surabaya)

Tirtaadi¹

2018

JKL

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Hazardous household waste containing lead in TPS Mulyorejo is a source of environmental contamination that can caused health effects in humans. Heavy metals in the body will accumulate in hair, bone and soft tissue. Continuous Pb exposure would cause impacts include neurological disorders, kidney function, reproductive system, haematopoietic system, and the nervous system. The aim of this study to hair Pb levels, duration of work and health complaints officer at the temporary dump site Mulyorejo Surabaya. In this study was used a descriptive design with cross-sectional approach. The sample was 15 officer of the transport dumper in TPS Mulyorejo Surabaya and drawn by simple random sampling technique. The independent variable was the hair Pb levels and work of duration. The dependent variable is the health complaints. Hair Pb levels on the waste workers were still in the normal range between 0.007 to 1.17 mg/Nm3, although normal hair Pb levels but officers waste feel a lot of health complaints. Period and duration of working hour a day will affect the pile of Pb in hair and health complaints. Many perceived health complaints include feeling weak, fatigue, shortness of breath, diarrhea, decreased appetite, feeling dizziness, throat irritation, dizziness and back pain. Its recommended that, DKP Surabaya and RT/RW increase cooperation in sorting and processing waste. For officers conduct periodic inspections to determine health problems early, eating nutritious foods, vitamins, and minerals to reduce the levels of Pb in the hair.

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“…Tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang bermakna kadar timbal dalam rambut pada kelompok perokok dan kelompok bukan perokok. 9 Penelitian di Boston menemukan kadar timbal dalam darah rata-rata 3 µg/dl. Pada kasus nonperokok didapatkan kadar timbal dalam darah rata-rata 2,7±1,9 µg/dl, kasus perokok 1 _ 19 pak per tahun (3,0±2,1) dan perokok lebih dari 20 pak per tahun (4,1±3,3 µg/dl), yang secara statistik tidak berbeda bermakna.…”

Section: Pembahasanunclassified

Pengaruh Jenis Kelamin dan Kebiasaan Merokok terhadap Kadar Timbal Darah

Hasan¹,

Matondang²,

Syahrin³

et al. 2013

Kesmas: National Public Health Journal

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Penarik becak dayung dan becak bermesin, pengatur lalu lintas, pedagang asongan, dan pedagang kaki lima banyak terpapar dengan polusi timbal dari udara ambien yang merupakan ancaman terhadap para pekerja pinggir jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan karakteristik responden dengan kadar timbal dalam darah. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 109 orang terdiri dari 58 orang penarik becak dayung, 30 orang penarik becak bermesin dan 21 orang pedagang kaki lima yang ditarik secara consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara variabel usia, tekanan darah sistolik dan tekanan darah diastolik terhadap kadar timbal dalam darah (p>0,05). Rerata kadar timbal dalam darah berbeda bermakna menurut jenis kelamin (p=0,047) dan kebiasaan merokok (p=0,003). Rerata kadar timbal dalam darah berdasarkan jenis pekerjaan, lama bekerja, tingkat pendidikan, tempat beristirahat, lokasi tempat tinggal, kebiasaan minum susu, dan kebiasaan minum alkohol tidak ada perbedaan bermakna. Uji korelasi Pearson dan korelasi Spearman menemukan tidak ada korelasi antara variabel usia dan tekanan darah terhadap kadar timbal dalam darah (p>0,05).Paddle rickshaw puller, motorized rickshaw pullers, traffic police, street vendors and roadside vendors is that many workers are exposed to lead from ambient air pollution. Lead pollution is a threat to roadside workers. This study is observational. The purpose of the study was to determine the association between respondent characteristic with blood lead levels. The 109 samples in this study was the 58 paddle rickshaw puller, 30 motorized rickshaw pullers and 21 hawkers, drawn with consecutive sampling. The results showed that there were no significant correlation between age, blood pressure and blood lead level (p>0.005), there were differences in mean blood lead levels by sex (p = 0.047) and smoking (p = 0.003), there was no difference in mean blood lead levels based on the type of work, length of work, level of education, place of rest, the location shelter, drinking milk, and alcohol drinking habits. Pearson correlation test and Spearman correlation found no correlation between the variables of age, and blood pressure on blood lead levels (p> 0.05).

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Lead exposure and hair lead level of workers in a lead refinery industry in Iran

Cited by 19 publications

References 5 publications

A systematic review on status of lead pollution and toxicity in Iran; Guidance for preventive measures

A systematic review on status of lead pollution and toxicity in Iran; Guidance for preventive measures

Hair Pb Levels, Work Duration and Health Complaints, of Waste Officers on Temporary Dump Site (Study on Dumpster Temporary Dump Site Mulyorejo Surabaya)

Pengaruh Jenis Kelamin dan Kebiasaan Merokok terhadap Kadar Timbal Darah

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