Penarik becak dayung dan becak bermesin, pengatur lalu lintas, pedagang asongan, dan pedagang kaki lima banyak terpapar dengan polusi timbal dari udara ambien yang merupakan ancaman terhadap para pekerja pinggir jalan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan karakteristik responden dengan kadar timbal dalam darah. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 109 orang terdiri dari 58 orang penarik becak dayung, 30 orang penarik becak bermesin dan 21 orang pedagang kaki lima yang ditarik secara consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara variabel usia, tekanan darah sistolik dan tekanan darah diastolik terhadap kadar timbal dalam darah (p>0,05). Rerata kadar timbal dalam darah berbeda bermakna menurut jenis kelamin (p=0,047) dan kebiasaan merokok (p=0,003). Rerata kadar timbal dalam darah berdasarkan jenis pekerjaan, lama bekerja, tingkat pendidikan, tempat beristirahat, lokasi tempat tinggal, kebiasaan minum susu, dan kebiasaan minum alkohol tidak ada perbedaan bermakna. Uji korelasi Pearson dan korelasi Spearman menemukan tidak ada korelasi antara variabel usia dan tekanan darah terhadap kadar timbal dalam darah (p>0,05).Paddle rickshaw puller, motorized rickshaw pullers, traffic police, street vendors and roadside vendors is that many workers are exposed to lead from ambient air pollution. Lead pollution is a threat to roadside workers. This study is observational. The purpose of the study was to determine the association between respondent characteristic with blood lead levels. The 109 samples in this study was the 58 paddle rickshaw puller, 30 motorized rickshaw pullers and 21 hawkers, drawn with consecutive sampling. The results showed that there were no significant correlation between age, blood pressure and blood lead level (p>0.005), there were differences in mean blood lead levels by sex (p = 0.047) and smoking (p = 0.003), there was no difference in mean blood lead levels based on the type of work, length of work, level of education, place of rest, the location shelter, drinking milk, and alcohol drinking habits. Pearson correlation test and Spearman correlation found no correlation between the variables of age, and blood pressure on blood lead levels (p> 0.05).

This paper aims to analyze policies regarding restitution for victims of sexual violence and how they are implemented in court decisions in Aceh Province. Payment of compensation charged to the perpetrator based on court decisions that have permanent legal force for material and/or immaterial losses suffered by the victim or her heirs. The method used in this writing is normative juridical with a qualitative approach. At the beginning, an inventory of laws and regulations governing restitution was prepared. The next stage was to examine the application of the restitution policy in court decisions in Aceh upon cases of sexual violence that were tried in the general court or through the Syar'iyah Court. The results show that the government and Aceh government have set policies on restitution in the Human Rights Law, the Trafficking in Persons Act, the Child Protection Law, Law on Witness and Victim Protection, Qanun Jinayat, and Qanun on the Treatment for Violence against Women and Children. Procedures for requesting restitution are regulated in Government Regulation Number 43 of 2017 and Government Regulation Number 7 of 2018. An analysis of 10 court rulings showed that none have given restitution to victims of sexual violence. This analysis is expected to encourage law enforcement officials to make it easier for victims to know their rights and get appropriate restitution for the suffering they experience.

ABSTRAK Disparitas putusan menjadi satu perdebatan dimana terhadap pelanhggran yang sama tethadap dua terdakwa yang berbeda memiliki perbedaan tintutan yang berbeda. penelitian ini merupakan hukum normatif, bersifat deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Kedua putusan yang diangkat sebagai contoh kasus, berdasarkan teori disparitas pemidanaan sebenarnya secara hukum telah disidangkan, diproses dengan cara-cara yang berdasar hukum. Akan tetapi, hasilnya tidak memenuhi rasa keadilan yang berkembang di masyarakat; Sebaiknya, hakim yang menyidangkan perkara, sebaiknya menggali fakta-faktahukum yang lebih dalam agar menemukan kebenaran sejati dalam perkara yangdisidangkan; Faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya disparitas putusan hakim terhadap perkara tindak pidana narkotika yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: a) Faktor hukum, terdapat multitafsir dalam Pasal 112 dan Pasal 127 UU Narkotika; b) Faktor aparat penegak hukum, terdapat kewenangan diskresi hakim untuk menggunakan kewenangannya menemukan kebenaran sejati yang tidak digunakan oleh hakim pemutus; c) Faktor budaya hukum, terdapat budaya suap dan damai ditempat, serta pengurusan tuntutan dan putusan denganhukuman yang lebih ringan. Sebaiknya, Stakeholders, sebaiknya bersama-sama membuat “dekriminalisasi” terhadap tindak pidana pengguna narkotika dengan mengalihkannya kepada proses hukum administratif atau pelayanan kesehatan.Kata Kunci: Disparitas; Putusan; Narkotika; Pengadilan Rantauprapat.

Cases of industrial accidents occur as a result of corporations ignoring or not caring about the terms and conditions of occupational health and safety (OHS) according to Law Number 1 of 1970 concerning Occupational Safety (UUKK). The purpose of this research is to analyze the responsibility of corporate criminal liability if the OHS protection of workers/laborers is not implemented in the workplace. The research method used is legal research (normative juridical) with a statutory approach. The results of this study conclude that corporations must be liable for criminal liability for OHS workers' protection on the grounds that due to the bitter history of the conditions of Indonesian labor protection since the colonial era, protection is a concretization of Pancasila values, neglect of OHS protection is a violation of workers human rights at work, neglect of workers protection as an abuse of economic power and as a form of corporate crime. For the future, expectations this research contributed to knowledge and stakeholders aware of the importance of corporations burdened with criminal liability in the event that the protection of workers. Of personal skills, expected characteristics include the ability to protected workers and the ability to perform the renewal of the formulation of corporate criminal liability policies in accordance with the development of corporate punishment and living values in society.

Environmental permission, according to the law on Living Environmental Management and Protection act no. 32 the year 2009 about protection and environment management (Undang-undang tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup) is a condition to obtain business permission and/or activity. This analytical descriptive normative juridical study revealed the regulation of legislation related to environmental permission concerning the reinforcement of administrative sanction and criminal sanction. The data obtained were analyzed through certain legal norms stated in the regulation of legislation. The result of this study depicted that permission was the written document issued by the government. The form of the decision of state administration as legal evidence stating that an individual or a legal entity is permitted to run a business or specific activity to protect and manage the living environment. Our present study suggested that the reinforcement of environmental law was carried out under-one-roof management to materialize an integrated licensing system. The reinforcement of administrative sanction may play a more optimal role in preventing the worse environmental pollution or damage and the violation of environmental permission.