“…For example, grade expectations reported at the beginning of a CS1 course strongly indicate course achievement (Rountree et al, 2002). In practice, learning analytics research has to draw information from multiple sources, such as clickstreams, trace logs, interviews, observations, and demographic details, to fully understand students' metacognitive and self-regulation processes and their effect on achievement (Omer et al, 2023). When planning interventions and feedback systems with learning analytics, it's imperative to factor in students' individual attributes, such as self-efficacy and academic experiences (see Dawson et al, 2017).…”