LED power consumption in joint illumination and communication system

Deng, Xiong; Wu, Yan; Khalid, AM Amir; Long, Xi; Linnartz, Jean-Paul M. G.

doi:10.1364/oe.25.018990

Cited by 32 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We also acknowledge that duty cycling may not be easy to implement, if high light quality without any flicker is demanded. We showed in [14] that during periods of modulation, the light output slightly drops due to convexity and nonlinearities in light output vs current (e.g. droop).…”

Section: Duty Cycling In Aco/flip/pam-ofdm Vlcmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…If eye-safety is the prime limitation, optical power may be an appropriate comparison [5]. It has been revealed that modulating a constant illumination light level costs extra electrical power, while the time-average optical power remains constant [14]. As the power consumption in mobile devices is limited, the electrical power consumed in the LED or in the driver is more appropriate, while this was less commonly studied in literature and we will focus on this aspect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DC-Bias for Optical OFDM in Visible Light Communications

et al. 2019

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The requirement of a DC-bias is known to make DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) less energy efficient. This can be improved by asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM (ACO-OFDM), pulse amplitude modulated OFDM (PAM-OFDM) or Flip-OFDM, but these variants use the bandwidth inefficiently. Our trade-off between energy and spectrum efficiency considers a given limited channel bandwidth of the light emitting diode (LED) and then attempts to get the highest throughput per unit of energy. We investigate previous findings that clipped OFDM can be more attractive in a low-SNR regime. More specifically, we consider visible light communication (VLC) in which the average light level, i.e., the bias, is prescribed by illumination requirements, thus comes for free. ACO/PAM/Flip-OFDM can convert the DC-bias into power for communication, but all variants of OFDM, including DCO-OFDM consume extra electrical power. We conclude that in this scenario, advantages attributed to ACO/PAM/Flip-OFDM vanish, as DCO-OFDM outperforms its variants in all SNR conditions, in terms of achieved throughput over a bandlimited channel as a function of extra electrical power required. For hybrid solutions, such as Asymmetrically clipped DC biased Optical OFDM (ADO-OFDM) and Hybrid ACO-OFDM (HACO-OFDM), we optimize a new adaptive power and rate splitting between odd (clipped) and even (biased/clipped) subcarriers to balance power and bandwidth efficiency.

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Section: Duty Cycling In Aco/flip/pam-ofdm Vlcmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DC-Bias for Optical OFDM in Visible Light Communications

et al. 2019

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“…Companies such as pureLifi© [ 124 ], Phillips-Signify© [ 125 ], or Oledcomm© [ 126 ] have already presented different commercial solutions. Its final implementation in the market continues suffering problems mainly due to the need to integrate receiving devices in commercial equipment, to the consumption associated with emitting lamps [ 127 , 128 , 129 ], and synchronization problems when several transmitters coincide in the same room, working in a cellular architecture [ 130 , 131 , 132 ]. This type of solution may be of great interest in a tourist facility as it allows offering high-density services (video streaming, video conferences, gaming systems, and augmented or virtual reality) without overloading conventional radio links and with enhanced security compared to traditional wireless links.…”

Section: Smart Services On Tourism Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Optical Wireless Communications-Based Services Applied to the Tourism Industry: Potentials and Challenges

Aguiar-Castillo

Guerra

Rufo

et al. 2021

Sensors

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In this paper, we explore the potential applications of Optical Wireless Communications in the tourism industry, considering both indoor and outdoor scenarios and different transmission speeds. They range from high-speed atmospheric outdoor links (Free-Space Optics (FSO)) to indoor systems based on high-speed lighting networks (known under the trade name LiFi©) or low-speed services support the Internet of Things networks, using visible light (VLC) or IR emitters, with receivers based on either on classical photodiodes or in image sensors, known as Optical Camera Communications. The avant-garde applications of this technology have been studied focusing on three possible use scenarios: the traveler himself, in what we have called TAN (Tourist Area Network); the tourist facility, which includes not only the hotel but also leisure areas (theme parks, museums, natural protected areas) or services (restaurants, shopping areas, etc.); and the entire destination, which can be both the city or the territory where the tourist is received, within the paradigm of the Smart Tourist Destination (STD). In addition to the classic services based on radio frequency and wired broadband networks, these technologies will make it possible to meet the tourist’s challenging needs, the establishment, and the destination. Besides, they cover the services imposed by the new marketing services related to location or context and feed the big data systems used to study tourist behavior.

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“…Light scattering effect is a phenomenon caused by SEPs when it is in the pcLEDs with conformal phosphor structure according to the Mie-scattering theory and will be calculated with the help of MATLAB [21][22][23][24][25]. The following equations are the instruments for calculating the scattering coefficient μsca(λ), the anisotropy factor g(λ), the decreased scattering coefficient δsca(λ) and the scattering amplitude functions S1(θ) and S2(θ):…”

Section: Analyzation On the Scattering Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influences of calcium fluoride and silica particles on improving color homogeneity of WLEDs

2020

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The LEDs lighting device with phosphor ingredient (pcLEDs) is among the most common lighting methods in recent years and evaluated by chromatic uniformity and lighting capacity. Therefore, we introduce the phosphor particles that can improve the scattering efficiency (SEPs) to apply in pcLEDs at 8500 K correlated color temperature (CCT) with the expectation to produce better pcLEDs by enhancing both quantity and quality of emitted light.Combining various materials such as CaF2 and SiO2 with yellow Y3Al5O12:Ce 3+ phosphor composition in the pcLEDs simulation created by the LightTools program is the mechanism of this research. The simulated pcLEDs are tested and the results will be verified with Mie-scattering theory. The observation of the simulation leads to the conclusion about the scattering coefficients of SEPs at 455 nm and 595 nm wavelengths. The calculation showed that CaF2 is better for color homogeneity yet suffer from luminous flux deficiency as the concentration gets higher. On the other hand, SiO2 is the scattering enhancement material that can maintain high luminous flux regardless of its concentration.

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LED power consumption in joint illumination and communication system

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

DC-Bias for Optical OFDM in Visible Light Communications

DC-Bias for Optical OFDM in Visible Light Communications

Survey on Optical Wireless Communications-Based Services Applied to the Tourism Industry: Potentials and Challenges

The influences of calcium fluoride and silica particles on improving color homogeneity of WLEDs

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