Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Bohai Sea and its inflow rivers

Meng, Lingyi; Song, Boyu; Zhong, Hao‐Jie; Ma, Xindong; Wang, Yingjun; Ma, Donghui; Lu, Yuexiang; Gao, Wei; Wang, Yawei; Jiang, Guibin

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2021.106735

Cited by 69 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…where the error fraction value was set as 20%. 24,36,37 A theoretical object function Q was derived using the data set numbers (21 × 372). By minimizing the value of Q in the PMF model, an optimal factor composition solution was obtained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…26,27 High levels of PFAS have been reported in environmental matrices collected from the Bohai Sea. 24,25,28 For example, the median concentrations of PFOA in the seawater of this region increased from 7.0 μg/L in 2016 to 24.9 μg/L in 2017 and to 29.4 μg/L in 2018, indicating a trend of continuous growth. 24,28,29 Mollusks from the Bohai Sea, as a type of seafood, are processed locally as food or shipped inland for consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…24,25,28 For example, the median concentrations of PFOA in the seawater of this region increased from 7.0 μg/L in 2016 to 24.9 μg/L in 2017 and to 29.4 μg/L in 2018, indicating a trend of continuous growth. 24,28,29 Mollusks from the Bohai Sea, as a type of seafood, are processed locally as food or shipped inland for consumption. 20,30,31 Thus, PFAS can be directly ingested by humans due to the direct PFAS exposure experienced by the mollusks of this region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…19 The Bohai Sea is a semiclosed sea in northern China that is a part of the western Pacific, where the Huang River, the second largest river in China, flows into the sea. 12,24,25 This region is one of the most important regional economic centers in China, with frequent human activity and highly developed industry. 26,27 High levels of PFAS have been reported in environmental matrices collected from the Bohai Sea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence, Temporal Variation (2010–2018), Distribution, and Source Appointment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Mollusks from the Bohai Sea, China

Meng

Wang

et al. 2021

ACS EST Water

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) including legacy and emerging compounds have been widely detected in various environmental media and have attracted a significant amount of research and regulatory attention. Aquatic environments such as seawater are important PFAS sinks due to the strong stability and water solubility of PFAS. In this study, the occurrence, temporal variation, and source appointment of 17 legacy and 16 emerging PFAS in seven different mollusks from nine cities around the Bohai Sea, China, were investigated from 2010 to 2018. Significantly higher concentrations of legacy PFAS compared to those of emerging PFAS indicate that legacy PFAS products, including perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid, are still widely used in China. However, the decreasing trend of the legacy PFAS concentrations in mollusks after 2015 indicate that these products are gradually being withdrawn from the market due to China’s implementation of the Stockholm Convention. A positive matrix factorization was used to identify six primary pollution sources including electrochemical fluorination processes, domestic sewage discharge, metal plating, food packaging, the fluorochemical industry, and the fluoropolymer industry. Among these sources, the fluoropolymer industry is the largest contributor to environmental PFAS, accounting for 68% of the total pollution in this region.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence, Temporal Variation (2010–2018), Distribution, and Source Appointment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Mollusks from the Bohai Sea, China

Meng

Wang

et al. 2021

ACS EST Water

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“…Literature is available on the distribution of PFAS in numerous matrices such as municipal wastewater, surface water, rain water, sea water, ground water, soil, sediments, sewage sludge, and atmosphere, as well as in liver, serum, and tissue samples of human being and animals [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The majority of these studies have been undertaken in developed countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence and Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Multi-Industry Sources to Water, Sediments and Plants along Nairobi River Basin, Kenya

Chirikona

Quinete

Gonzalez

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ever-present pollutants in the environment. They are persistent and bio-accumulative with deleterious health effects on biota. This study assesses the levels of PFAS in environmental matrices along the Nairobi River, Kenya. An aggregate of 30 PFAS were determined in water, while 28 PFAS were detected in sediments and plants using solid phase extraction then liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric techniques. In water, higher levels of perfluoroundecanoic acids of up to 39.2 ng L−1 were observed. Sediment and plant samples obtained in the midstream and downstream contained higher levels of perfluorooctanoic acid of up to 39.62 and 29.33 ng g−1, respectively. Comparably, levels of long-chain PFAS were higher in water and sediments than in plants. Sediment/water log distribution of selected PFAS ranged between 2.5 (perfluoroundecanoic acid) and 4.9 (perfluorooctane sulfonate). The level of perfluorooctane sulfonate (1.83 ng L−1) in water is above the acceptable level in surface water posing high human health and ecological risks. The observed PFAS concentrations and distribution were attributed mainly to multi-industries located along the river, among other sources. The knowledge of PFAS occurrence and distribution in Nairobi River, Kenya, provides important information to local regulatory agencies for PFAS pollution control.

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Polyethyleneimine functionalized cellulose-rich agroforestry residues for removing perfluorooctanoic acid: adsorption performance and mechanism

et al. 2023

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Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Bohai Sea and its inflow rivers

Cited by 69 publications

References 50 publications

Occurrence, Temporal Variation (2010–2018), Distribution, and Source Appointment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Mollusks from the Bohai Sea, China

Occurrence, Temporal Variation (2010–2018), Distribution, and Source Appointment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Mollusks from the Bohai Sea, China

Occurrence and Distribution of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances from Multi-Industry Sources to Water, Sediments and Plants along Nairobi River Basin, Kenya

Polyethyleneimine functionalized cellulose-rich agroforestry residues for removing perfluorooctanoic acid: adsorption performance and mechanism

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