Legal Review of Patent Rights with The License Agreement on Civil Law

Ramli, Tasya Safiranita; Putri, Sherly Ayuna; Ramli, Ahmad M.

doi:10.5220/0010053800300033

Cited by 4 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The results additionally show that for all values of the CSP:DCSP ratio, the carbon content increased with an increasing carburizing time. The maximum carbon content (1.14 ± 0.007 wt%) was that obtained in the SCM 420 sample treated with a CSP:DCSP ratio of 60%:40% and a carburizing duration of 12 h. It is noted that this value is approximately 1.76 times higher than that obtained in a previous study (0.647 ± 0.008 wt%) with a lower carburizing time of just 3 h [31]. Moreover, it is also around 1.46 times higher than that obtained in another previous study (0.78 wt%) using 30% PCL shell powder and a carburizing time of 7 h [26].…”

Section: Phase and Chemical Composition Of Carburizing Media And Specimenscontrasting

confidence: 43%

“…For the non-quenched samples, the maximum hardness was around 604.9 ± 4.674 HV (CSP:DCSP ratio: 60%:40%; carburizing time: 12 h). It is approximately 1.72 times higher than that obtained in a previous study (352.70 ± 4.96 HV) with a lower carburizing time of 3 h [31]. This result related to the quantity of pearlite on the microstructure of SCM 420 steel-carburized specimen attained with a carburizing time of 12 h is more than that obtained with carburizing times of 6 and 3 h, respectively, as illustrated in Figure 11.…”

Section: Surface Hardness Of Carburized and Quenched Scm 420 Specimensmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Therefore, reusing them as an energizing source in the carburization process has significant environmental benefits. In a previous study [31], the present group showed that the addition of dog conch shell powder (DCSP) improved the carbon content of SCM 420 from 0.221 wt% to 0.647 wt% given a carburizing temperature of 950 • C and a DCSP content of 40%. Moreover, the surface hardness increased from 165.61 ± 4.67 HV to 850.10 ± 4.84 HV following quenching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…The pure DCSP (i.e., 100% DCSP) had an orthorhombic aragonite (CaCO 3 ) structure [34]. Notably, the orthorhombic aragonite phase persisted even after mixing the DCSP with CSP in various quantities (i.e., 90%:10%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%, 60%:40% and 50%:50%, respectively), as shown in Figure 4 [31]. However, the peak position of the aragonite CaCO3 shifted slightly to the right as the DCSP concentration increased.…”

Section: Phase and Chemical Composition Of Carburizing Media And Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 4 shows the chemical composition of the original SCM 420 material. It is seen that the sample had a carbon content of 0.221 wt% [31]. Figure 8 shows the carbon contents of the carburized samples prepared with various CSP:DCSP ratios and carburizing durations.…”

Section: Phase and Chemical Composition Of Carburizing Media And Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Properties of Pack Carburized SCM 420 Steel Processed Using Natural Shell Powders and Extended Carburization Time

Ramli

Shaaban

2021

Crystals

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The feasibility of using coconut shell powder (CSP) and dog conch shell powder (DCSP) as carburizing media in the pack carburization of SCM 420 steel was investigated. The carbon content and surface hardness of the carburized specimens prepared with different CSP:DCSP ratios and carburizing durations were examined and compared. A CSP:DCSP ratio of 60%:40% and an extended carburizing time of 12 h were found to increase the carbon content of the carburized specimens to 1.14 ± 0.007 wt%. Furthermore, the surface hardness was significantly improved to 961.3 ± 4.918 HV following water quenching. Finally, the thickness of the carburized layer of the quenched specimens increased by around 2.5 times as the carburizing duration was increased from 3 to 12 h.

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Section: Phase and Chemical Composition Of Carburizing Media And Specimenscontrasting

confidence: 43%

Section: Surface Hardness Of Carburized and Quenched Scm 420 Specimensmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Phase and Chemical Composition Of Carburizing Media And Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phase and Chemical Composition Of Carburizing Media And Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Properties of Pack Carburized SCM 420 Steel Processed Using Natural Shell Powders and Extended Carburization Time

Ramli

Shaaban

2021

Crystals

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Legal Protection of Inventor Employees through Patent Ownership Agreements in Indonesia

2022

DE LEGA LATA: j.ilmun.huk.

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Intellectual property born in the production process in a company is usually a patent produced by inventor employees through research and development activities. However, arrangements regarding the ownership of patents generated by inventor employees in employment or service relations in Article 12 and Article 13 of the Patent Law grant the patent ownership rights automatically to the employer so as not to provide adequate legal protection to the inventor employee. Legal protection for an employed inventor is important to note because it will spur IPR productivity and motivate inventors' creativity to produce intellectual property work. This research used normative juridical methods with analytical descriptive research specifications. Data collection was done through interviews together with company representatives at PT. Martina Berto (Tbk) and PT. Bio Farma (Persero). The results showed that the practice of patent ownership produced by inventor employees at PT. Martina Berto (Tbk) and PT. Bio Farma (Persero) based on Article 12 and Article 13 of the Patent Law is contrary to the principle of alter ego. Inventor employees can negotiate with the company by forming a patent ownership agreement that will clarify the ownership rights and the number of rewards that will be obtained by inventor employees based on Article 12 paragraph (1) and Article 153 of the Patent Law.

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Effective Case Depth and Wear Resistance of Pack Carburized SCM 420 Steel Processed Using Different Concentrations of Natural Shell Waste Powders and Carburizing Duration

Ramli

2022

Crystals

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The efficacy of using coconut shell powder (CSP) and dog conch shell powder (DCSP) as an alternative carburizing media for SCM 420 steel pack carburization was investigated. The effective case depth and wear resistance of quenched specimens prepared using various CSP–DCSP ratios and carburizing times were determined and compared. The effective case depth was measured from the microhardness profile obtained using a Vickers hardness testing machine. A CSP–DCSP ratio of 60%:40% and carburization time of 12 h were found to increase the effective case depth of SCM 420 quenched specimens to 2340 µm. The results clearly showed that the effective case depth increased by increasing carburization time and DCSP concentrations from 0% to 40% as a carburizing media and decreased by further increasing DCSP concentrations to 50%. Moreover, the wear resistance of quenched specimens increased approximately two times as DCSP concentrations were increased from 0% to 40% for a carburization time of 12 h.

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Legal Review of Patent Rights with The License Agreement on Civil Law

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Mechanical Properties of Pack Carburized SCM 420 Steel Processed Using Natural Shell Powders and Extended Carburization Time

Mechanical Properties of Pack Carburized SCM 420 Steel Processed Using Natural Shell Powders and Extended Carburization Time

Legal Protection of Inventor Employees through Patent Ownership Agreements in Indonesia

Effective Case Depth and Wear Resistance of Pack Carburized SCM 420 Steel Processed Using Different Concentrations of Natural Shell Waste Powders and Carburizing Duration

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