Leishmaniasis recidivans in Ethiopia: cutaneous and mucocutaneous features

Dassoni, Federica; Daba, Frehiwot; Naafs, Bernard; Morrone, Andrea

doi:10.3855/jidc.8516

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The disease is distinguished by multiple ulcerated papules and acneiform lesions which appear in a different site from the primary foci, and it usually transpires when the initial lesions begin to develop [ 35 ]. Patients who have recovered from L. (L.) tropica infections may develop a chronic form of anthroponotic CL called leishmaniasis recidivans, also known as tuberculoid leishmaniasis due to its clinical resemblance to cutaneous tuberculosis [ 39 ].…”

Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health Approach to Leishmaniases: Understanding the Disease Dynamics through Diagnostic Tools

et al. 2020

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Leishmaniases are zoonotic vector-borne diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania that affect millions of people around the globe. There are various clinical manifestations, ranging from self-healing cutaneous lesions to potentially fatal visceral leishmaniasis, all of which are associated with different Leishmania species. Transmission of these parasites is complex due to the varying ecological relationships between human and/or animal reservoir hosts, parasites, and sand fly vectors. Moreover, vector-borne diseases like leishmaniases are intricately linked to environmental changes and socioeconomic risk factors, advocating the importance of the One Health approach to control these diseases. The development of an accurate, fast, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for leishmaniases is a priority, and the implementation of various control measures such as animal sentinel surveillance systems is needed to better detect, prevent, and respond to the (re-)emergence of leishmaniases.

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Section: Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health Approach to Leishmaniases: Understanding the Disease Dynamics through Diagnostic Tools

et al. 2020

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“…Other clinical forms have also been described in Ethiopia. Large hypopigmented lesions that resemble borderline-tuberculoid leprosy [62], ‘chiclero ulcer’ [9], lymphedema and/or elephantiasis [8], [61], and leishmaniasis recidivans [52], [57], [63], which shows a chronic and relapsing course that may persist for years and can occur both in previously healthy individuals [63] and HIV-patients [64], have been reported in Ethiopia.…”

Section: Clinical Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica

et al. 2018

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Leishmania aethiopica is the main causative species for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Ethiopia. Despite its considerable burden, L. aethiopica has been one of the most neglected Leishmania species. In this review, published evidence on L. aethiopica history, geography, vector, reservoir, epidemiology, parasitology, and immunology is discussed and knowledge gaps are outlined. L. aethiopica endemic regions are limited to the highland areas, although nationwide studies on CL prevalence are lacking. Phlebotomus pedifer and P. longipes are the sandfly vectors and hyraxes are considered to be the main reservoir, but the role of other sandfly species and other potential reservoirs requires further investigation. Where and how transmission occurs exactly are also still unknown. Most CL patients in Ethiopia are children and young adults. Lesions are most commonly on the face, in contrast to CL caused by other Leishmania species which may more frequently affect other body parts. CL lesions caused by L. aethiopica seem atypical and more severe in their presentation as compared to other Leishmania species. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis are relatively common, and healing of lesions caused by L. aethiopica seems to take longer than that of other species. A thorough documentation of the natural evolution of L. aethiopica as well as in depth studies into the immunological and parasitological characteristics that underpin the atypical and severe clinical presentation are needed. Better understanding of CL caused by this parasite species will contribute to interventions related to transmission, prevention, and treatment.

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“…A superficial spreading form, called leishmaniasis recidivans (LR), which presents as new lesions around an old L. tropica scar, and the plaque form lupoid leishmaniasis are predominantly caused by L. tropica (13,14). L. tropica responds well to the antimonials and miltefosine (based on small case series) but LR is less responsive (13,15). Without specific treatment, self-healing is generally longer compared to L. major and may last up to 1 year or more (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Ghatee

Taylor

Karamian

2020

Front. Public Health

104

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Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major are both the main cause of anthroponotic (ACL) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), respectively, in the Old World. Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani, which are important causes of visceral leishmaniasis, have also occasionally been reported in CL patients. The present study investigates the current distribution of causative species of CL in Iran and neighboring countries in the Middle East. There has been expansion of L. tropica into new urban and rural foci in Iran, with well-documented cases of visceralization, a substantial increase of CL in Syria, and the emergence of new foci and outbreaks in Turkey and Iraq, especially due to L. major. Civil war in Syria and Iraq, population movement, poverty, and climatic change play important roles in the changing CL distribution in this region. Control programs should adopt a multidisciplinary approach based on active surveillance and case finding, especially in vulnerable refugee populations, determination of hazard maps for CL hot points using GIS and other advanced technology, the free distribution of drugs, rodent control, and greater community engagement in poor and marginalized populations. Comprehensive molecular studies that could show the species and strains of Leishmania in different areas of each country can give a better view from the distribution of CL in this region.

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Leishmaniasis recidivans in Ethiopia: cutaneous and mucocutaneous features

Cited by 20 publications

References 26 publications

One Health Approach to Leishmaniases: Understanding the Disease Dynamics through Diagnostic Tools

One Health Approach to Leishmaniases: Understanding the Disease Dynamics through Diagnostic Tools

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Due to Leishmania aethiopica

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

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