Les rapports producteurs-distributeurs : fondements et implications de la puissance d'achat

Abstract

[eng] Vertical relationships between manufacturers and retailers: determinants and consequences of the buying power - For many years now, relationships between retailers and manufacturers have always been tense and some of the strategies denounced as abusive. This raises doubts regarding the effectiveness of numerous laws (Royer, Raffarin, Galland) supposed to restrain the increasing power of retailers. Before passing laws, an accurate analysis of the relationships between manufacturers and retailers seems to be necessary. The first part of this paper recalls the basis of retailers' buying power emphasizing merger waves and private labels invasion. The second part looks at the impact of that buying power with respect to the contracts between the upstream firms and the downstream ones and tackles the efficiency of the laws passed to contain retailers' power. [fre] On assiste depuis de nombreuses années à la dénonciation des pratiques de la grande distribution à l'égard de ses fournisseurs, au point que l'on peut douter de la pertinence des nombreuses lois (Royer, Raffarin, Galland) censées limiter le pouvoir croissant des distributeurs. Une analyse plus fine des relations « producteurs- distributeurs » semble nécessaire avant de légiférer. La première partie de l'article revient sur les fondements de la puissance d'achat des distributeurs en mettant l'accent sur les mouvements de concentration et le développement des marques de distributeurs. La seconde partie regarde l'impact de cette puissance d'achat sur les relations contractuelles entre l'amont et l'aval en s'interrogeant sur l'efficacité des différentes mesures qui ont été prises afin de limiter le pouvoir des distributeurs.

Online Banking in France: Innovative Business Model or Mimetic Phenomenon?

“…This phenomenon also seems to have accelerated the concentration mentioned above: the top ten groups of French supermarkets in 1993 were only four in 1999 (Leclerc, Intermarché, Casino and Carrefour-Promodes); in 2003, the same groups already represented 90% of the retail market (Berges-Sennou, F., Caprice, S., 2003).…”

Coexistence and Confrontation of Agricultural and Food Models

“…In contrast, formal coordination mechanisms such as contracts or labelling schemes are often associated with a conventional model. The development of these mechanisms reflects the rise in power of supermarket chains (Burch & Lawrence, 2005;Filser & Paché, 2008), and are often seen as a way for the latter to strengthen their sway over other agri-chain actors (Filser et al, 2001;Berges-Sennou & Caprice, 2003). The agri-chain under study links these two disparate mechanisms: although governed by contractual mechanisms, long-term relationships of trust between different actors have played a major role in promoting coordination, resulting over the years in a relatively rebalanced power relations, despite the presence of an actor that remains dominant in its negotiating capacity .…”

Água de montanha: um estudo de caso na França sobre a relação entre empresa, território e produção e produto

“…Os primeiros produtos MDD franceses foram lançados pelo grupo Casino em 1901, essa iniciativa foi seguida pelos grupos Monoprix e Prisunic, em 1928 e 1931, respectivamente. Em 1976 o Carrefour lança Produits libres (Produtos Livres), uma gama em que o grupo decidia as características com objetivo de controlar os preços de finais e a margem de lucro (BERGÈS-SENNOU;CAPRICE, 2003). Esses produtos fazem parte do que chamamos hoje a primeira geração de MDD, cujas características são: ausência de referência explícita ao nome do grupo e simplicidade das embalagens.…”