Lesion Studies in Contemporary Neuroscience

Vaidya, Avinash R.; Pujara, Maia; Petrides, Michael; Murray, Elisabeth A.; Fellows, Lesley K.

doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.05.009

Cited by 171 publications

(128 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…To determine if directional response selectivity in DMS is dependent on ACC, we unilaterally lesioned ACC and recorded from DMS in the same hemisphere [connections are largely ipsilateral (13)] in rats performing the STOP-change task. We chose unilateral lesions to limit the impact on behavior and to minimize the potential recruitment of redundant systems likely involved in task performance (14). Rats (n = 16) were trained on the directional STOP-change task prior to surgery to ensure that basic task training would be unaffected by ACC lesions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1C). Rats were randomly assigned to treatment conditions, and no differences in the number of trials performed (t (14) = 0.4149, P = 0.6845) or the percentage of correct trials performed (t (14) = 0.807, P = 0.4332) were observed prior to surgery between the two treatment groups.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To demonstrate this, we performed unilateral ACC lesions with ipsilateral DMS recordings to determine if the resolution of directional signals in DMS is dependent on ACC [connections are largely ipsilateral (13)]. Instead of bilateral lesions, we performed unilateral lesions to minimize the impact on behavior (i.e., the degree of impairment is likely less because one hemisphere remained intact) to assess changes in DMS firing without excessive changes to behavior or potential engagement of redundant systems (14). The task was selected because previous work has shown that single neurons in ACC are highly active prior to and during the resolution of directional signals in DMS (11).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anterior cingulate cortex is necessary for adaptation of action plans

Brockett

Tennyson

deBettencourt

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Previous research has focused on the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) as a key brain region in the mitigation of the competition that arises from two simultaneously active signals. However, to date, no study has demonstrated that ACC is necessary for this form of behavioral flexibility, nor have any studies shown that ACC acts by modulating downstream brain regions such as the dorsal medial striatum (DMS) that encode action plans necessary for task completion. Here, we performed unilateral excitotoxic lesions of ACC while recording downstream from the ipsilateral hemisphere of DMS in rats, performing a variant of the STOP-signal task. We show that on STOP trials lesioned rats perform worse, in part due to the failure of timely directional action plans to emerge in the DMS, as well as the overrepresentation of the to-be-inhibited behavior. Collectively, our findings suggest that ACC is necessary for the mitigation of competing inputs and validates many of the existing theoretical predictions for the role of ACC in cognitive control.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anterior cingulate cortex is necessary for adaptation of action plans

Brockett

Tennyson

deBettencourt

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Voxels that show significant differences for a particular behavior or symptom are inferred to be critical for the behavior under examination. ULSM methods complement functional neuroimaging studies in healthy participants, by testing the necessity of particular brain areas for a particular behavior, thereby demonstrating the crucial causal link in brain-behavior relationships (Bates et al, 2003;Karnath, Sperber, & Rorden, 2018;Rorden, Karnath, & Bonilha, 2007;Vaidya, Pujara, Petrides, Murray, & Fellows, 2019). Contemporary ULSM methods provide a fundamental shift in broadening our understanding of brain-behavior relationships, both confirming (Baldo, Arevalo, Patterson, & Dronkers, 2013) and challenging previously held beliefs about key neural structures for different cognitive functions (Baldo et al, 2018;Dronkers, Wilkins, Valin, Redfern, & Jaeger, 2004;Mirman et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical comparison of univariate versus multivariate methods for the analysis of brain-behavior mapping

Ivanova

Herron

Dronkers

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Acknowledgements:We are grateful to Brian Curran and Dr. And Turken for initial assistance with collection of neuroimaging data used in the current project. We value Dr. Robert Knight's contribution to the anatomical accuracy of lesion reconstructions over the years. We thank Dr.Stephen Wilson for developing the original VLSM software. We also extend our thanks to the developers of LESYMAP package (Dr. Dorian Pustina and others) for making their lesion database publicly available. As always, we are in debt to all the individuals with aphasia who have participated in multiple studies over the years and make this kind of work possible.

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“…A particularly powerful way to reveal independence for two cognitive processes at the level of brain mechanisms is to demonstrate a double dissociation of lesion effects (Teuber, 1955;Vaidya et al 2019; but see Dunn et al 2003). A critical question to ask, therefore, is whether selective damage to the hippocampus can lead to the opposite pattern of behavioural deficits as that observed in NB, namely an impairment in recollection combined with intact familiarity assessment.…”

Section: Selective Familiarity and Selective Recollection Impairmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Familiarity impairments after anterior temporal-lobe resection with hippocampal sparing: Lessons learned from case NB

Köhler¹,

Martin²

2019

Preprint

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We review evidence from an extensive single case study in an individual (NB) who underwent a rare left-sided anterior temporal-lobe resection with sparing of the hippocampus. Our study aimed to determine whether memory functions of perirhinal cortex, which was largely removed in the resection, can be impaired against a background of preserved hippocampus-dependent memory processing. This research was guided by the proposal that item-based familiarity assessment relies on contributions of perirhinal cortex, and that the hippocampus plays a unique role in the relational binding of items to episodic contexts, which is critical for recollection. Seven sets of findings have emerged from this research in NB and from follow-up work in other patients: (i) Familiarity impairments can be selective and be revealed with multiple methods; (ii) selective familiarity and selective recollection impairments can be double dissociated; (iii) selective familiarity impairments show material specificity; (iv) selective familiarity impairments extend to assessment of cumulative lifetime experience; (v) selective familiarity impairments are sensitive to degree of feature overlap between object concepts; (vi) selective familiarity impairments are associated with preserved task-related fMRI signals in the hippocampus; (vii) selective familiarity impairments can be observed in other lesion cases. Despite our main focus on the dual-process framework, we also discuss implications for the functional organization of the medial temporal lobes in broader terms. We argue that our findings shed light on this organization even if the functional specialization of different medial temporal structures is ultimately not fully captured with reference to the cognitive distinction between familiarity and recollection.

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Lesion Studies in Contemporary Neuroscience

Cited by 171 publications

References 180 publications

Anterior cingulate cortex is necessary for adaptation of action plans

Anterior cingulate cortex is necessary for adaptation of action plans

An empirical comparison of univariate versus multivariate methods for the analysis of brain-behavior mapping

Familiarity impairments after anterior temporal-lobe resection with hippocampal sparing: Lessons learned from case NB

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