Lessons learned from spiro-OMeTAD and PTAA in perovskite solar cells

Rombach, Florine M.; Haque, Saif A.; Macdonald, Thomas J.

doi:10.1039/d1ee02095a

Cited by 396 publications

(344 citation statements)

References 188 publications

(441 reference statements)

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“…In general, polymeric HTL materials used in OSCs usually have molar mass over 10,000 g mol −1 , which makes them expensive [ 366 ]. Moreover, the hole mobilities of polymers such as PTAA are sensitive to molecular weights, polydispersity indices, and purities [ 367 ]. HTLs based on small organic molecules, compared with inorganic and polymeric materials, present a variety of benefits such as simple synthesis, structural versatility, high purity, and tunable energy levels [ 368 ].…”

Section: Hole-transporting Materials As Htls In Oscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Hole-Transporting Layers for Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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Global energy demand is increasing; thus, emerging renewable energy sources, such as organic solar cells (OSCs), are fundamental to mitigate the negative effects of fuel consumption. Within OSC’s advancements, the development of efficient and stable interface materials is essential to achieve high performance, long-term stability, low costs, and broader applicability. Inorganic and nanocarbon-based materials show a suitable work function, tunable optical/electronic properties, stability to the presence of moisture, and facile solution processing, while organic conducting polymers and small molecules have some advantages such as fast and low-cost production, solution process, low energy payback time, light weight, and less adverse environmental impact, making them attractive as hole transporting layers (HTLs) for OSCs. This review looked at the recent progress in metal oxides, metal sulfides, nanocarbon materials, conducting polymers, and small organic molecules as HTLs in OSCs over the past five years. The endeavors in research and technology have optimized the preparation and deposition methods of HTLs. Strategies of doping, composite/hybrid formation, and modifications have also tuned the optical/electrical properties of these materials as HTLs to obtain efficient and stable OSCs. We highlighted the impact of structure, composition, and processing conditions of inorganic and organic materials as HTLs in conventional and inverted OSCs.

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Section: Hole-transporting Materials As Htls In Oscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Hole-Transporting Layers for Organic Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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“…However, the dopants in the HTL also resulted in the shorter lifespan of the resultant perovskite solar cells mainly due to the diffusion of dopants into the active layer. Up to now, the highest PCE values of the PTAA-based regular perovskite solar cells and the Spiro-OMeTAD-based regular perovskite solar cells are 22.1% [ 132 ] and 25.6% [ 69 ], respectively. In recent years, the record high PCE values of regular perovskite solar cells were achieved by using the doped Spiro-OMeTAD thin films as the HTL.…”

Section: Ptaa Thin-film-based Perovskite Solar Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the PEDOT:PSS, PTAA and P3CT-X Hole-Transport-Layer-Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Lin

et al. 2022

Polymers

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The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of metal-oxide-based regular perovskite solar cells have been higher than 25% for more than 2 years. Up to now, the PCEs of polymer-based inverted perovskite solar cells are widely lower than 23%. PEDOT:PSS thin films, modified PTAA thin films and P3CT thin films are widely used as the hole transport layer or hole modification layer of the highlyefficient inverted perovskite solar cells. Compared with regular perovskite solar cells, polymer-based inverted perovskite solar cells can be fabricated under relatively low temperatures. However, the intrinsic characteristics of carrier transportation in the two types of solar cells are different, which limits the photovoltaic performance of inverted perovskite solar cells. Thanks to the low activation energies for the formation of high-quality perovskite crystalline thin films, it is possible to manipulate the optoelectronic properties by controlling the crystal orientation with the different polymer-modified ITO/glass substrates. To achieve the higher PCE, the effects of polymer-modified ITO/glass substrates on the optoelectronic properties and the formation of perovskite crystalline thin films have to be completely understood simultaneously.

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“…[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] Currently, an organic hole transport layers (HTLs), such as [2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)9,9′-spirobifluorene] (spiro-OMeTAD), is mainly used for the manufacture of high-efficiency PSCs, but its thermal stability is relatively poor. [10,11,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40] Several inorganic HTLs, such as NiO x , MoO x , WO 3 , CuI, and CuSCN, have been used to improve the long-term stability of PSCs. [10,[41][42][43][44][45] Although the chemical stability of inorganic HTLs is higher than that of organic HTLs, the PCE of PSCs featuring inorganic HTLs has been relatively low, and, to date, their stability has not been significantly improved because of interfacial degradation.…”

Section: Polymethyl Methacrylate As An Interlayer Between the Halide ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 19–33 ] Currently, an organic hole transport layers (HTLs), such as [2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenyl‐amine)9,9′‐spirobifluorene] (spiro‐OMeTAD), is mainly used for the manufacture of high‐efficiency PSCs, but its thermal stability is relatively poor. [ 10,11,34–40 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymethyl Methacrylate as an Interlayer Between the Halide Perovskite and Copper Phthalocyanine Layers for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Kim

Lee

Paik

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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The use of inexpensive, highly efficient, and long‐term stable hole‐transporting layers (HTLs) while facilitating the fabrication process has become a critical issue for PSC commercialization. Among organic HTLs, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) has been increasingly studied owing to its low cost and excellent thermal stability. Nevertheless, CuPc has a low energy level in the conduction band, resulting in low efficiency due to a poor electron barrier. In this study, an efficient and stable PSC is fabricated by combining CuPc with an ultrathin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interlayer, which is deposited on a [(FAPbI3)0.95(MAPbBr3)0.05] absorption layer (here, FAPbI3 and MAPbBr3 denote formamidinium lead triiodide and methylammonium lead tribromide, respectively). PMMA in perovskite has been found to reduce perovskite surface defects and series resistance as well as the electronic barrier to HTL. The optimum concentration of PMMA allows for the fabrication of the PSC with a PCE of 21.3%, which is the highest PCE for PSCs featuring metal phthalocyanines as the HTL reported to date. The stability of the encapsulated PSC exceeds 80% after 760 h at 85 °C under 85% RH conditions.

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Lessons learned from spiro-OMeTAD and PTAA in perovskite solar cells

Abstract: Organic semiconductors have become essential parts of thin-film electronic devices, particularly as hole transport layers in perovskite solar cells where they represent one of the major bottlenecks to further enhancements in stability and efficiency.

Cited by 396 publications

References 188 publications

Recent Advances in Hole-Transporting Layers for Organic Solar Cells

Recent Advances in Hole-Transporting Layers for Organic Solar Cells

Understanding the PEDOT:PSS, PTAA and P3CT-X Hole-Transport-Layer-Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Polymethyl Methacrylate as an Interlayer Between the Halide Perovskite and Copper Phthalocyanine Layers for Stable and Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

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