Letter to the Editor: Avicenna's view on the prevention of thrombosis

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BackgroundAbnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq) is a traditional prescription in Uyghur Medicine, and its treatment of complex diseases such as tumors and asthma has been proven to be effective in Uyghur medical clinical practice. The efficacy-enhancing and toxicity-reducing properties of ASMq were studied on mice with transplanted cervical cancer (U27) tumors, which were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in this work.MethodsTo investigate the synergistic effect of ASMq and 5-FU on U27 cells, inhibitory effects on cell proliferation were determined through a MTT assay. 48 Kunming mice which were randomly divided in to 6 groups: control group, model group, 5-FU group, 5-FU combine with ASMq low-dose group, 5-FU combine with ASMq medium-dose group, and 5-FU combine with ASMq high- dose group, the inhibition rate of the tumor, the viscera indexes, and the content of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined. The expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and human papillomavirus type 16 E2 (HPV16 E2) protein were assessed by Western blot. Pathological changes in the liver were observed.ResultThe inhibition rates of tumors, the 5-FU + ASMq.H group(80.64%), 5-FU + ASMq.M group (90.67%), 5-FU + ASMq.L group (72.03%) and 5-FU group (66.89%), clearly indicated that the effects of tumor inhibition. The thymus index and spleen index were increased, and the serum concentration of TNF-α increased while ALT and AST concentrations were decreased, and TNF-α protein expression were increased while TGF-β1 and HPV16 E2 were decreased. ASMq might can improve livers central vein hyperemia and interstitial edema, and preserve the radial structure of the hepatic cords.ConclusionsThe results suggested that ASMq might reduce toxicity and enhance the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic drug 5-fluorouracil in the treatment of cervical carcinoma.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced efficacy with reduced toxicity of chemotherapy drug 5-fluorouracil by synergistic treatment with Abnormal Savda Munziq from Uyghur medicine

Yang¹,

Aimaiti²,

Miao³

et al. 2017

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“…After the onset of disease, a person exhibits an excess of body fluids that disrupts the normal balance [4]. Uigur medicine, one of the three traditional types of Chinese medicine, originated from Greco-Arab medicine [5]. Uigur medicine also holds that the human body is comprised of four kinds of body fluids.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-tumor effects of Abnormal Savda Munziq on the transplanted cervical cancer (U27) mouse model

Omarniyaz

Yang

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAbnormal Savda Munziq (ASMq), a traditional uyghur medicine, has shown anti-tumour properties in vitro. it was showed that total flavonoids of ASMq could inhibit the proliferation and enhance the antioxidant ability of human cervix cancer HeLa cell. This study attempts to confirm these effects on the transplanted cervical cancer (U27) mouse model in vivo.MethodsForty eight Kunming mice were randomly divided in to six groups: normal control group (Control group), U27 tumor model group (Model group), cyclophosphamide administration group (CTX group),low-dose ASMq group (ASMq.L group), medium-dose ASMq group (ASMq.M group), and high-dose ASMq group (ASMq.H group). The five groups except normal control group transplanted with cervical cancer (U27) cells. We observed mice tumor inhibition rate and conducted the histopathological analysisUsing the western blot assay, the expression of TGF-β1 and TNF-α protein in transplanted cervical cancer U27 tumor tissue were detected.ResultsThe tumor inhibition rates of CTX group, ASMq.L group, ASMq.M group, and ASMq.H group were 72.21, 31.27, 60.53 and 51.94% respectively, has obvious antitumor effect. ASMq significantly promote the spleen tlymphocyte proliferation of transplanted cervical cancer U27 mice. Invasive growth and diffusion rate in tumor tissue were accelerate in the transplanted cervical cancer U27 model group. Tumor tissue necrosis of tumor cells are smaller in the medium, high dosage group. Compared with the U27 model group, the expression levels of TGF-β1 protein and TNF-α protein expression exhibited statistically significant decreased in the mice tumor tissues in the CTX administration group and the ASMq administration group.ConclusionsASMq has some antitumor effects on U27 model mice in vivo, The effects are achieved not only by improving the immune function of U27 model mice, but also by inhibiting the expression levels of TGF-β1 protein while promoting the expression levels of TNF-α protein.

“…), the earliest texts of Greco-Arab medicine, Hippocrates used the words carcinos (crab) or carcinoma to describe a range of tumours and swellings caused by the excess of Black Bile, an opinion further developed by Claudius Galenus (c.200 A.D.) [ 1 ]. Traditional Uighur medicine shares an origin with Greco-Arab medicine, and describes the health of a human body as the dynamic homeostasis of four normal Hilits known as Kan, Phlegm, Safra, and Savda, which correspond to Blood, Phlegm, Yellow Bile, and Black bile in Greco-Arab medicine [ 2 ]. Imbalance of this homeostasis as a result of abnormal changes in any Hilit leads to the development of a corresponding syndrome coupled with different diseases [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditional Uighur medicine shares an origin with Greco-Arab medicine, and describes the health of a human body as the dynamic homeostasis of four normal Hilits known as Kan, Phlegm, Safra, and Savda, which correspond to Blood, Phlegm, Yellow Bile, and Black bile in Greco-Arab medicine [ 2 ]. Imbalance of this homeostasis as a result of abnormal changes in any Hilit leads to the development of a corresponding syndrome coupled with different diseases [ 2 , 3 ]. Among these, Abnormal Savda (or abnormal Black Bile) is the predominant syndrome [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Long-term studies have established Abnormal Savda as the main syndrome of patients with various diseases, such as malignant tumours, type 2 diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and cardiovascular diseases—conditions generally considered complex diseases in modern medicine (data not shown). Through a series of studies on Abnormal Savda from different aspects, including genetic susceptibility, metabolomics, the neuroendocrine–immunity network, oxidative stress, and pre-thrombotic state, we have demonstrated that Abnormal Savda is associated with common biological changes in different diseases that are manifested relatively consistently and holistically within a population [ 4 - 14 ]. The treatment of Abnormal Savda in patients with its unique prescription, a prescription composed of Abnormal Savda Munziq and Abnormal Savda Mushil, is well established in the clinical practice of Uighur Medicine [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of plasma protein markers common to patients with malignant tumour and Abnormal Savda in Uighur medicine: a prospective clinical study

Upur

Chen

Kamilijiang

et al. 2015

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BackgroundTraditional Uighur medicine shares an origin with Greco-Arab medicine. It describes the health of a human body as the dynamic homeostasis of four normal Hilits (humours), known as Kan, Phlegm, Safra, and Savda. An abnormal change in one Hilit may cause imbalance among the Hilits, leading to the development of a syndrome. Abnormal Savda is a major syndrome of complex diseases that are associated with common biological changes during disease development. Here, we studied the protein expression profile common to tumour patients with Abnormal Savda to elucidate the biological basis of this syndrome and identify potential biomarkers associated with Abnormal Savda.MethodsPatients with malignant tumours were classified by the diagnosis of Uighur medicine into two groups: Abnormal Savda type tumour (ASt) and non-Abnormal Savda type tumour (nASt), which includes other syndromes. The profile of proteins that were differentially expressed in ASt compared with nASt and normal controls (NC) was analysed by iTRAQ proteomics and evaluated by bioinformatics using MetaCore™ software and an online database. The expression of candidate proteins was verified in all plasma samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsWe identified 31 plasma proteins that were differentially expressed in ASt compared with nASt, of which only 10 showed quantitatively different expression between ASt and NC. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that most of these proteins are known biomarkers for neoplasms of the stomach, breast, and lung. ELISA detection showed significant upregulation of plasma SAA1 and SPP24 and downregulation of PIGR and FASN in ASt compared with nASt and NC (p < 0.05).ConclusionsAbnormal Savda may be causally associated with changes in the whole regulation network of protein expression during carcinogenesis. The expression of potential biomarkers might be used to distinguish Abnormal Savda from other syndromes.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12906-015-0526-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.