Level crossing rate and average fade duration of the double Nakagami-m random process and application in MIMO keyhole fading channels

Abstract

Abstract-We present novel exact expressions and accurate closed-form approximations for the level crossing rate (LCR) and the average fade duration (AFD) of the double Nakagamim random process. These results are then used to study the second order statistics of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) keyhole fading channels with space-time block coding. Numerical and computer simulation examples validate the accuracy of the presented mathematical analysis and show the tightness of the proposed approximations.

Review Paper on Second Order Statistics of Various Fading Channels

“…[5] In 2008 Nikola Zlatanov described the novel exact expressions and accurate closed-form approximations for LCR and AFD of the Double Nakagami-m Random Process and these are useful in study of the second order statistics of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) keyhole fading channels with space-time block coding. [6] Researchers described in 2012, the applications and novel analytical framework for the calculation of the higher Order Statistics LCR and AFD of Sampled Fading Channels in terms of CDF and its bivariate CDF. As a direct application, exact closed form expressions for the LCRs of the equivalent frequency domain sampled random process associated with a multipath Rayleigh fading channel are calculated.…”

Statistical Properties of the Capacity of Double Nakagami-m Channels for Applications in V2V Dualhop Communication Systems

“…Moreover, we have assumed that the fading in the SV-RV link and the RV-DV link is characterized by Nakagami-m processes denoted by χ 1 (t) and χ 2 (t), respectively. Hence, the overall fading channel describing the SV-DV link is modelled by a double Nakagami-m process given by (Kovacs et al, 2002;Zlatanov et al, 2008)…”

“…The design and analysis of cascaded fading models has been an active area of research in recent years due to its applications in numerous real world scenarios such as keyhole channels (Salo et al, 2006;Zlatanov et al, 2008), and multihop communication systems (Andersen, 2002;Karagiannidis et al, 2007;Talha & Pätzold, 2007;Velkov et al, 2009). It is shown in (Chizhik et al, 2002;Ercerg et al, 1997) that in the presence of a keyhole, the fading between each transmit and receive antenna pair in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system can be characterized using a double 1 Rayleigh process.…”

“…Hence, to generalize all the aforementioned works in the regime of multihop communication, the authors of (Karagiannidis et al, 2007) have presented the statistical analysis of the N * Nakagami-m model (i.e., a product of N Nakagami-m processes). Moreover, second order statistics for the double Nakagami-m process can be found in (Zlatanov et al, 2008). Though a lot of papers have been published in the literature employing the cascaded fading channel model, the statistical properties of the capacity of double Nakagami-m channels have not been investigated so far.…”

“…Though a lot of papers have been published in the literature employing the cascaded fading channel model, the statistical properties of the capacity of double Nakagami-m channels have not been investigated so far. Such channels find applications both in V2V communication systems employing dualhop communication, and keyhole channels (Zlatanov et al, 2008). In this chapter 2 , we have studied the statistical properties of the capacity of double Nakagami-m channels.…”