Level of nutrition and visceral organ size and metabolic activity in sheep

Burrin, Douglas G.; Ferrell, C. L.; Britton, Robert A.; Bauer, M. L.

doi:10.1079/bjn19900044

Cited by 193 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…The general linear increases of BW gain, ADG, and HCW validated our nutritional model by following the concept that animal growth rate will be increased by increased intake level of the given diet (National Research Council 1996). The observed increase of visceral organ weight with increasing DMI was consistent with previous reports (Burrin et al 1990;Rompala et al 1991;Fluharty and McClure 1997;Swanson et al 2000;Kelly et al 2001). In agreement with the findings of Burrin et al (1990), the relative proportion of total visceral organ weight to body mass was influenced by feed intake level in the present study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Visceral organs and tissues require differing amounts of nutrients to support energy utilization involved in the physiological processes of digestion, absorption, and metabolism. The effect of level of feed intake on changes in the relative contribution of visceral organs to whole-body energy expenditure appears to be primarily a result of differences in organ size rather than tissue-specific metabolic activity (Burrin et al 1990;Kelly et al 2001). However, little is known about dietary factors regulating visceral mass and energy metabolism at the cellular and molecular levels, especially in beef cattle.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of dry matter intake on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers

Wang¹,

Ko²,

Holligan³

et al. 2009

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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. 2009. Effect of dry matter intake on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na /K -ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 89: 253Á262. Twenty-four steers [46797.2 kg initial body weight (BW)] predominately of Angus breeding were used to determine the effect of dry matter intake (1.25, 1.50, 1.75, and 2.00% of BW) on visceral mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na ' /K ' -ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and ubiquitin. There were linear increases (P50.05) in weights of total viscera, total digestive tract, liver, kidney, heart, lung, spleen, rumen, and abomasum with increasing dry matter intake (DMI). Protein concentration decreased linearly (PB0.05) in small intestinal mucosa as DMI increased. PCNA expression increased linearly (PB0.01) in liver as DMI increased. PCNA expression was affected quadratically (PB0.05) in pancreas and small intestinal mucosa with an increase when DMI increased from 1.25 to 1.75% of BW, and a decrease when DMI increased from 1.75 to 2% of BW. ATP synthase, Na ' /K ' -ATPase, and ubiquitin expression in pancreas and ubiquitin expression in small intestinal mucosa increased linearly (PB0.05) as DMI increased. These results indicate that increasing DMI increases the mass of visceral organs and carcass and influences expression of proteins influencing energy utilization and efficiency in pancreas, small intestine, liver, and sternomandibularis muscle. . Incidence de l'ingestion de matie`re se`che sur la masse des visce`res, sur la cellularite´ainsi que sur l'expression prote´ique de l'ATP synthase, de la Na /K -ATPase, de l'antige`ne nucle´aire de prolife´ration cellulaire et de l'ubiquitine chez les bouvillons de boucherie. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 89: 253Á262. Vingt-quatre bouvillons de boucherie (46797,2 kg de poids corporel initial) principalement d'ascendance Angus ont servi a`pre´ciser l'incidence de l'ingestion de matie`re se`che (1,25, 1,50, 1,75 et 2,00 % du poids corporel) sur la masse des visce`res, sur la cellularite´ainsi que sur l'expression prote´ique de l'ATP synthase, de la Na ' /K ' -ATPase, de l'antige`ne nucle´aire de prolife´ration cellulaire (PCNA) et de l'ubiquitine. Le poids total des visce`res, le poids total du tube digestif ainsi que le poids du foie, des reins, du caeur, des poumons, de la rate, du rumen et de la caillette augmentent line´airement (P 50,05) avec l'ingestion de matie`re se`che. La concentration de prote´ines diminue de fac¸on line´aire (P B 0,05) dans la muqueuse de l'intestin greˆle quand l'ingestion de matie`re se`che augmente. L'expression du PCNA dans le foie enregistre une hausse line´aire (PB0,01), quand l'ingestion de matie`re se`che augmente. L'expression du PCNA dans le pancre´as et la muqueuse de l'intestin greˆle subit une influence quadratique (PB0,05) lorsque l'ingestion de matie`re se`che passe de 1,25 % a`1,75 % du poids corporelle, puis diminue quand elle passe de 1,75 % a`2 % du poids corporel. L...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dry matter intake on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers

Wang¹,

Ko²,

Holligan³

et al. 2009

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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“…The reductions in EBW and liver mass due to nutrient Table 1 restriction are consistent with previous reports [21,22]. In concordance with Burrin et al [21], these findings showed that liver mass (e.g., reduced cell size and/or number) changed more rapidly than body weight in response to undernutrition, illustrating the ability of these tissues to adapt rapidly to changing nutrient supply.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…In concordance with Burrin et al [21], these findings showed that liver mass (e.g., reduced cell size and/or number) changed more rapidly than body weight in response to undernutrition, illustrating the ability of these tissues to adapt rapidly to changing nutrient supply. In ruminants, portal blood flow is known to vary with metabolizable energy intake [1,23], thus, in underfed animals, blood flow is reduced, leading to decreased liver nutrient absorption and in consequence a decreased liver mass.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Leadership—Management Superstructure

Dytrt¹

2017

JEW

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Abstract:The liver is one of the most important visceral organs, which represents a large contribution to whole animal energy expenditure and the major synthetic site of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) peptide. Decreased plane of nutrition acts by reducing the metabolic rate and mass of metabolic tissues, such as liver. Also, undernutrition results in the reduced circulating IGF-1 concentrations, due to the uncoupled growth hormone-IGF (GH-IGF) axis. This study investigated whether a 22-day period of undernutrition (half maintenance) could affect liver mass and IGF-1 protein and gene expression. Sixteen pregnant ewes fed all (n = 9) or half (n = 7) of their maintenance energy requirements were slaughtered on day 7 of pregnancy (oestrus = day 0). Body and liver mass, IGF-1 plasmatic concentrations and liver IGF-1 mRNA and protein expression were determined. Liver mass and the proportion of liver mass to empty body weight were lower in underfed animals. While IGF-1 plasmatic concentrations were lower in undernourished ewes, no differences in liver mRNA expression were found. This is the first time that differences in immunohistochemistry intensity and total content are reported in sheep. In summary, the decreased plasma IGF-1 concentrations induced by undernutrition in ewes was not associated with its reduced hepatic mRNA or protein expression, but to a decrease in liver mass.

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“…T he portal-drained viscera (PDV; the intestines, pancreas, spleen, and stomach) contribute between 20% and 35% of whole-body energy expenditure and protein synthesis, even though they contribute less than 6% of body weight (1)(2)(3). Dietary amino acid use by the intestine could have a substantial effect on their systemic availability and thereby regulate wholebody protein deposition.…”

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confidence: 99%

Adaptive regulation of intestinal lysine metabolism

Goudoever

Stoll

Henry

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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136

102

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The metabolism of dietary essential amino acids by the gut has a direct effect on their systemic availability and potentially limits growth. We demonstrate that, in neonatal pigs bearing portal and arterial catheters and fed a diet containing 23% protein [high protein (HP) diet], more than half the intake of essential amino acids is metabolized by the portal-drained viscera (PDV). Intraduodenal or i.v. infusions of [U-13 C]-lysine were used to measure the appearance across and the use of the tracer by the PDV. In HP-fed pigs, lysine use by the PDV was derived almost entirely from the arterial input. In these animals, the small amount of dietary lysine used in first pass was oxidized almost entirely. Even so, intestinal lysine oxidation (24 mol͞kg per h) accounted for one-third of whole-body lysine oxidation (77 mol͞kg per h). Total lysine use by the PDV was not affected by low protein (LP) feeding (HP, 213 mol͞kg per h; LP,186 mol͞kg per h). In LP-fed pigs, the use of lysine by the PDV accounted for more than 75% of its intake. In contrast to HP feeding, both dietary and arterial lysines were used by the PDV of LP-fed pigs in nearly equal amounts. Intestinal lysine oxidation was suppressed completely. We conclude that the PDV are key organs with respect to amino acid metabolism and that the intestines use a disproportionately large amount of the dietary supply of amino acids during protein restriction.T he portal-drained viscera (PDV; the intestines, pancreas, spleen, and stomach) contribute between 20% and 35% of whole-body energy expenditure and protein synthesis, even though they contribute less than 6% of body weight (1-3). Dietary amino acid use by the intestine could have a substantial effect on their systemic availability and thereby regulate wholebody protein deposition. Studies in a number of mammalian species show that dietary essential amino acids (EAA) are directly used by the intestines for protein synthesis and other biosynthetic pathways (4-6).Futhermore, under high protein (HP) feeding conditions, intestinal energy production is derived largely from the oxidation of glutamate, glutamine, and aspartate (7-9). However, the oxidation of these substrates accounts for neither the total CO 2 production nor the production of alanine and ammonia by the PDV. The failure to account for the nitrogen outflow from the metabolism of glutamate, glutamine, and aspartate has led us to conclude that other amino acids, possibly including EAA, are oxidized in the PDV. There is evidence that leucine and methionine are oxidized by the enterocytes (10, 11), but we know of no detailed in vivo investigations of intestinal catabolism of other EAA. In this context, the oxidation of lysine would be of particular consequence, because this amino acid is nutritionally first limiting in cereal-based diets and milk (12).Investigations carried out 25 years ago were unable to find evidence for the presence of enzymes required for lysine catabolism in enterocytes (13,14), and it is generally held that lysine catabolism occurs prima...

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Level of nutrition and visceral organ size and metabolic activity in sheep

Cited by 193 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of dry matter intake on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers

Effect of dry matter intake on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers

Leadership—Management Superstructure

Adaptive regulation of intestinal lysine metabolism

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Level of nutrition and visceral organ size and metabolic activity in sheep

Cited by 193 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of dry matter intake on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers

Effect of dry matter intake on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers

Leadership—Management Superstructure

Adaptive regulation of intestinal lysine metabolism

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Product

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About

Effect of dry matter intake on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers

Effect of dry matter intake on visceral organ mass, cellularity, and the protein expression of ATP synthase, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and ubiquitin in feedlot steers