Levels of Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE) and Bisphenol F Diglycidyl Ether (BFDGE) in Canned Liquid Infant Formula Products in Canada and Dietary Intake Estimates

Abstract

A method based on solid-phase extraction followed by HPLC analysis with fluorescence detection was developed for the determination of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in liquid infant formula. In this method, instead of trying to isolate and measure each individual form of the molecules, hydrolysis of BADGE, BFDGE, BADGEH2O, and BFDGEH2O was forced to completion to their stable forms, BADGE2H2O and BFDGE2H2O, before extraction. The method LODs were 2.0 ng/g for BADGE and 3.0 ng/g for BFDGE. Extraction recoveries were 6191 for BADGE, and 5582 for BFDGE over the concentration range of 10 to 50 ng/g. The method was used to analyze samples of 21 canned liquid infant formula products for BADGE and BFDGE. BADGE was detected in samples of all products at levels ranging from as low as 2.4 ng/g to as high as 262 ng/g. BFDGE was detected in only one product (40 ng/g), and this product also had the highest BADGE level (262 ng/g). HPLC/MS/MS with a similar LOD was also used to confirm the results. The probable daily intakes (PDI) of BADGE and BFDGE due to consumption of canned liquid infant formula were estimated for infants from premature to 1218 months of age. The maximum PDI of BADGE was 22 g/kg body weight/day for the 1218 months old with the maximum formula intake. The maximum PDI of BFDGE was <3.4 g/kg body weight/day.

Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether Induces Adipogenic Differentiation of Multipotent Stromal Stem Cells through a Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Gamma-Independent Mechanism

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Accurate mass and nuclear magnetic resonance identification of bisphenolic can coating migrants and their interference with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric analysis of bisphenol A

“…Much study has gone into the identification and quantification of BPA, BADGE, and its hydrolysis and chlorination products. Most of these studies have employed either LC/FL or LC/MS . A few studies have identified or quantified BPA‐ and BADGE‐related compounds in the same food analysis, and almost all of these have utilized LC (FL, MS, or MS/MS) …”

Can coatings for foods and beverages: issues and options

“…Other coating chemicals that have been the focus of environmental concern (e.g. BADGE) Cao et al (2009) Consumer exposures (migration)/risks from coating compounds Crosby (1981) Toxicological evaluations and comparisons of mixtures in a wide array of formulations Cassee et al (1998)…”