Levels, sources and influence mechanisms of heavy metal contamination in topsoils in Mirror Peninsula, East Antarctica

Xu, Qing; Chu, Zhuding; Mei, Yanjun; Yang, Zhongkang; Huang, Yikang; Yang, Liwei; Xie, Zhouqing; Sun, Liguang

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113552

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The soils of the Antarctic Peninsula and the roots and leaves of Antarctic carnat had higher MTE concentrations at King George Island Station, characterized by a stro human influence. Increased MTE concentrations in Antarctica have previously been ported in sediments and in terrestrial and aquatic organisms and are related to hum activity [3,35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Activity in Antarctica: Effects on Metallic Trace Elements (MTEs) in Plants and Soils

Tapia

Molina‐Montenegro

Sandoval

et al. 2021

Plants

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Colobanthus quitensis (Kunt) is one of the two vascular plant species present in Antarctica and develops under severe environmental conditions, being found in both pristine and human-threatened environments. We determined the Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn levels in C. quitensis roots, leaves, and soils of origin using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. In January 2017, we collected samples from four geographical zones on the longitudinal gradient along which C. quitensis is distributed, starting from Punta Arenas (PAR) at the extreme south of mainland Chile and moving southwards to the Antarctic territory from King George Island (KGI) to Hannah Point Peninsula (PHA) and finally Lagotellerie Island (LAT). We used certified reference material to validate the plant tissues and soil samples we collected. The highest concentrations of metals that we measured in the soils and in the C. quitensis roots and leaves were in samples we collected at the KGI station, the zone with the greatest human activity. The lowest concentrations we measured were at the LAT station, an island with little human intervention and scarce fauna. The mean concentrations of metals in the roots and leaves of C. quitensis followed a similar order at all sampling locations: Mn > Zn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr > Cd. In contrast, in soil, they followed the following order: Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd. The concentration levels obtained for the different metals in the soil and plants tissue samples in this region of Antarctica indicated that the area was non-polluted. However, the metallic trace element (MTE) concentrations may be at an early stage of contamination, as described in other areas of the Antarctic, being a new threat to this continent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Activity in Antarctica: Effects on Metallic Trace Elements (MTEs) in Plants and Soils

Tapia

Molina‐Montenegro

Sandoval

et al. 2021

Plants

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“…Liu et al (2021) also studied the concentrations of some heavy metals (such as Al, Cr, Pb, Hg, and As) in soil samples collected in East Antarctica. Although the contamination level of these heavy metals was relatively low, the elevated levels of heavy metals compared to the baseline concentrations started to be alarming for this pristine continent (Xu et al 2020). Areas with high mercury and lead levels corresponded to the station areas that researchers or tourists live and bird colony areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Heavy Metal Contamination in Krill Oils

Kizilirmak¹,

Aslan²,

Çetingül³

et al. 2021

Kocatepe Veterinary Journal

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Different omega-3 sources have been widely used as a portion of supplementary food in recent years. One of the popular sources of omega-3 fatty acids is krill oil. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine the contents of commercially available krill oils sold in the markets. For this purpose, a total of 11 different krill oil brands randomly selected from different pharmacies. The chemical analysis was carried out in a laboratory accredited by the Turkish Accreditation Agency. Our results indicated that the fatty acid contents of the commercial krill oils tested varied to quite an extent, but within the tolerable limits in 10 out of 11 samples. The peroxide content of the samples differed from 10 to 30 meqO2/kg-oil. The mercury and cadmium levels were up to the standard limits set by Codex Alimentarius for food supplements. However, all products contained more than the tolerable limits of lead and only 1 sample had arsenic levels measured below acceptable limits. Thus, none of the krill oil samples provided the required European Union standards. It suggests that the manufacturers overlooked some issues while producing krill oils. This may pose a potential threat to public health in the long term.

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“…Heavy metals are enriched in Antarctic sea ice owing to atmospheric circulations and anthropogenic impacts [16,17]. There are some reports about the participation of yeast MAPK pathway in metal stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our experiments also indicated that yeast AN5 could survive and reproduce in high salinity of 120‰, and was more resistant compared to mesophilic yeasts (data not shown). Moreover, in the Antarctic ecosystems, besides the geochemical characteristics, the human activity and industrial emissions of heavy metals to the atmosphere, give a significant increase of some metals [16,17].The yeast strain AN5 has been observed strong tolerant to different concentrations of heavy metals, such as Cd, Pb, Mn, Cu, Cr and Hg [14]. All of these investigations prove that Antarctic yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa AN5 is cold-active yeast and behave some special properties that adapt to polar sea ice habitats.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a mitogen-activated protein kinase gene in the Antarctic yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa AN5

Shi

Zhang

et al. 2021

Mol Biol Rep

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The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play important roles in various signaling transduction networks of biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, MAPK signaling pathways in cold-active yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa have not been reported comprehensively. In the present study, MAPK gene (RmMAPK) was first cloned and characterized from Antarctic sea ice yeast R. mucilaginosa AN5. The full length of the RmMAPK gene is 1086 bp and encodes a 361 amino acids protein with a predicted molecular mass of 40.9 kDa and a pI of 5.25. The RmMAPK contains 11 MAPK conserved subdomains and the phosphorylation motif TGY located in the activation loop of the kinase. Quantitative real-time PCR assay revealed that the expression of RmMAPK up-regulated rapidly and significantly when yeast cells were subjected to low temperature (4 °C ), high salinity (120‰ NaCl) and heavy metal (2 mmol/L CuCl2), which suggested that the RmMAPK might act as a key function in response to extreme stresses, such as low temperature, high salinity and heavy metal.

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Levels, sources and influence mechanisms of heavy metal contamination in topsoils in Mirror Peninsula, East Antarctica

Cited by 25 publications

References 46 publications

Human Activity in Antarctica: Effects on Metallic Trace Elements (MTEs) in Plants and Soils

Human Activity in Antarctica: Effects on Metallic Trace Elements (MTEs) in Plants and Soils

Risk of Heavy Metal Contamination in Krill Oils

Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of a mitogen-activated protein kinase gene in the Antarctic yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa AN5

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