“…Specifically, Table 2 provides information on patient population demographics and health conditions underpinning SDH clinical assessments, Table 3 lists various SDH screening tools used in clinical settings, Table 4 identifies various reasons for SDH integration, and finally, Supplementary Materials Table S1 lists the study design of the articles included in this review, method of integration, type of healthcare facility and its geographic location. Berkman-Syme Social Network Index, SNI (on social isolation) [56] BRFSS Survey-Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (1-3-item food insecurity questions) [26] CLEAR Toolkit-Community Leadership on the Environment, Advocacy, and Resilience (four-step process for assessing patient vulnerability in a contextually appropriate and caring way) [86] Family Needs Screening Tool (28-33-item survey) [87] HARK Tool-Humiliation, Afraid, Rape, Kick (four-item survey) [56] Health Begins Upstream Risks Screening Tool (28-item survey) [87] Health Leads Social Needs Screening Toolkit (seven-item survey) [63,81] HITS Screening Tool-Hurt-Insult-Threaten-Scream (12-item survey) [55] HVS-Hunger Vital Sign (two-item survey) [26,58,68,75] iHELP/iHELLP Social History Tool-Income/Insurance-Hunger/Housing Conditions/Homeless-Education/Ensuring Safety-Legal Status, Literacy-Personal Safety (14-24-item survey) [76] iScreen Social Screening Questionnaire (46-item survey) [87] MST-Malnutrition Screening Tool (two-item survey) [68] NASEM-National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (one-item measure of financial strain) [56] NHIS-National Health Interview Survey, a CDC-NCHS SDH assessments in clinical settings focused primarily on vulnerable, disadvantaged, at-risk, and/or socially isolated patients. These patients came from communities experiencing persistent socio-economic challenges, material deprivation, food insecurity, housing instability, and/or toxic stress.…”