2010
DOI: 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.04.004
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Librations of the Galilean satellites: The influence of global internal liquid layers

Abstract: The four Galilean satellites are thought to harbour one or even two global internal liquid layers beneath their surface layer. The iron core of Io and Ganymede is most likely (partially) liquid and also the core of Europa may be liquid. Furthermore, there are strong indications for the existence of a subsurface ocean in Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Here, we investigate whether libration observations can be used to prove the existence of these liquid layers and to constrain the thickness of the overlying sol… Show more

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Cited by 32 publications
(28 citation statements)
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“…In the present paper, we treat the libration motion as a given and compute the resulting dissipation in the fluid layer of our simplified spherical setting. Our model of libration is based on the rigid‐shell model of Baland and Van Hoolst (); we therefore neglect the limited decrease of libration amplitude introduced by elastic deformation (Van Hoolst et al, ). For the present, it is sufficient to observe that the libration of the ocean's flattened boundaries can be represented as a superposition of several oscillations of fictitious spherical boundaries: a toroidal degree‐1 oscillation where the librating spherical boundaries tend to viscously drag the ocean and a spheroidal degree‐2 oscillation where the librating flattened boundaries tend to push the ocean fluid, as if spherical boundaries underwent radial deformation.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In the present paper, we treat the libration motion as a given and compute the resulting dissipation in the fluid layer of our simplified spherical setting. Our model of libration is based on the rigid‐shell model of Baland and Van Hoolst (); we therefore neglect the limited decrease of libration amplitude introduced by elastic deformation (Van Hoolst et al, ). For the present, it is sufficient to observe that the libration of the ocean's flattened boundaries can be represented as a superposition of several oscillations of fictitious spherical boundaries: a toroidal degree‐1 oscillation where the librating spherical boundaries tend to viscously drag the ocean and a spheroidal degree‐2 oscillation where the librating flattened boundaries tend to push the ocean fluid, as if spherical boundaries underwent radial deformation.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Other formulations for gravitational and pressure torques between inner core, outer core, and mantle have been given by Szeto and Xu (1997); Baland and van Hoolst (2010) ;Baland et al (2011).…”
Section: Torque On the Fluid Corementioning
confidence: 99%
“…As a consequence of their rapid rotation as well as interaction among the Sun, planets and satellites, many celestial bodies are usually in the shape of a spheroid † Email address for correspondence: kzhang@ex.ac.uk or an ellipsoid and rotating non-uniformly, resulting in libration of those bodies (Dermott 1979;William et al 2001;Noir et al 2009;Baland & Van Hoolst 2010). Planetary libration represents an important dynamic characteristic that has recently been employed to examine the physical properties of planetary interiors (see e.g.…”
Section: Introduction and Formulationmentioning
confidence: 99%