Lifestyle intervention strategies to prevent and control type 2 diabetes

Abstract

The intensive lifestyle intervention of the DPP (Diabetes Prevention Program) showed weight loss to be a dominant predictor of reduced diabetes incidence for those at high risk for the disease. The intensive lifestyle intervention of Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) has also shown that weight loss is associated with improved diabetes control and cardiovascular risk factors and reduced medicine for those with the disease. DPP and Look AHEAD implemented the use of motivational incentives and campaigns to assist participants in their commitment to lifestyle change. Other studies have also used incentives as effective strategies to engage individuals in weight loss and in making positive physical activity and dietary changes. Special consideration should be given to implementing various incentive strategies to assist overweight and obese individuals with weight loss. Using these motivational incentive strategies can be an effective means to help individuals succeed with their weight loss efforts.

Effects of Calcium Plus Vitamin D Supplementation on Anthropometric Measurements and Blood Pressure in Vitamin D Insufficient People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

“…6 Defined as having BMI 30 kg/m 2 . 7 Defined as having waist circumference of >88 cm for women and >102 cm for men. *Compared to others, p<0.05.…”

“…Weight loss has been strongly recommended in the management of diabetes [6]. Several strategies including lifestyle interventions, medication use, and surgery have been suggested for weight reduction; however, the efficacy of these strategies on glycemic control of people with diabetes is controversial [7]. Intentional weight loss by lifestyle modifications, medication, or surgery was reported to result in a better management of type 2 diabetes [8].…”

Trends in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Individuals With and Without Diabetes Mellitus in the Framingham Heart Study

“…Previous work in the Framingham Heart Study has demonstrated the increasing burden of CVD due to type 2 diabetes 21. Lifestyle modifications which result in weight loss have also been shown to result in an improved cardiometabolic profile among individuals with diabetes, however, long-term weight maintenance is often not successful 22, 23…”

Update on Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Light of Recent Evidence: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association

“…Treatment options included the use of motivational interviewing strategies to assist an individual in goal setting and improved adherence to written contracts with the lifestyle counselor. Other techniques used over the subsequent years to keep participants engaged and motivated and to promote weight loss maintenance included refresher courses, campaigns, and incentives such as prizes for campaign winners ( 72 ).…”