Light-induced desorption of alkali-metal atoms from paraffin coating

Alexandrov, E. B.; Balabas, M. V.; Budker, Dmitry; English, D.; Kimball, Derek F. Jackson; Li, C.-H.; Yashchuk, Valeriy V.

doi:10.1103/physreva.66.042903

Cited by 148 publications

(64 citation statements)

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“…Here we describe a method, based on nonlinear optical rotation with frequency-modulated light (FM NMOR) [16], by which one can selectively induce, control, and study any possible multipole moment. Applying the method to 87 Rb atoms in a paraffin-coated cell [17,18], we have verified the expected power and spectral dependences of the resonant signals and obtained a quantitative comparison of relaxation rates for the even-rank moments.The density matrix in the M, M ′ representation for a state with total angular momentum F can be decomposed into PM of rank κ = 0 . .…”

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Selective Addressing of High-Rank Atomic Polarization Moments

et al. 2003

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We describe a method of selective generation and study of polarization moments of up to the highest rank κ = 2F possible for a quantum state with total angular momentum F . The technique is based on nonlinear magneto-optical rotation with frequency-modulated light. Various polarization moments are distinguished by the periodicity of light-polarization rotation induced by the atoms during Larmor precession and exhibit distinct light-intensity and frequency dependences. We apply the method to study polarization moments of 87 Rb atoms contained in a vapor cell with antirelaxation coating. Distinct ultra-narrow (1-Hz wide) resonances, corresponding to different multipoles, appear in the magnetic-field dependence of the optical rotation. The use of the highest-multipole resonances has important applications in quantum and nonlinear optics and in magnetometry.PACS numbers: PACS 32.80. Bx,95.75.Hi High-rank polarization moments (PM) and associated high-order coherences have recently drawn attention (see [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8] While signatures of high-order PM were detected in several experiments [3,4,5,6,8], the methods used in these investigations are not sufficiently selective and/or do not allow real-time manipulation of particular multipoles. Here we describe a method, based on nonlinear optical rotation with frequency-modulated light (FM NMOR) [16], by which one can selectively induce, control, and study any possible multipole moment. Applying the method to 87 Rb atoms in a paraffin-coated cell [17,18], we have verified the expected power and spectral dependences of the resonant signals and obtained a quantitative comparison of relaxation rates for the even-rank moments.The density matrix in the M, M ′ representation for a state with total angular momentum F can be decomposed into PM of rank κ = 0 . . . 2F , uncoupled under rotations, with components q = −κ . . . κ: with surfaces for which the distance to the origin in a given direction is proportional to the probability of finding the projection M = F along this direction. (a): "pure" quadrupole κ = 2, q = 0; (b): κ = 4, q = 0 hexadecapole; (c): same as in (b), but rotated by π/2 around the x-axis; (d): the average of (b) and (c), which has a 4-fold symmetry with respect to rotations aroundx. In all cases, the minimum necessary amount of ρ (0) 0 was added to ensure that all sublevel populations are non-negative [20]. Probability surfaces (a) and (d) rotating aroundx-directed magnetic field with the Larmor frequency correspond to the polarization states produced in this experiment.is uniquely associated with the highest PM for a given state, e.g., the quadrupole moment (κ = 2) for F = 1, or the hexadecapole (κ = 4) for F = 2. The method introduced here exploits the different axial symmetries of the PM (2-fold and 4-fold for the quadrupole and hexadecapole, respectively; Fig. 1) to selectively create and detect them (see also [3,4,5,6]).While multipole moments of rank κ ≤ 2 can be easily generated and detected with weak light (since a photon has spin one), higher-ra...

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Selective Addressing of High-Rank Atomic Polarization Moments

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“…We limit the discussion to models developed for organic coatings in sealed cells, although phenomenological treatments of low-energy non-resonant photodesorption have been proposed for porous materials [26] and for metal layers in the context of cold atoms experiments [56]. These models, developed originally for PDMS [6] and paraffin [20], focus their attention on the complete system formed by the vapor phase and the coating, in order to model the complex interplay among adsorption and desorption fluxes in various conditions.…”

Section: Liad Dynamics In Organic Coatingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As explained in detail in [20], the presence of the so-called reservoir affects the LIAD dynamics, and, therefore, it has to be taken into account in the modelization. In particular, a virtually infinite source of atoms which tends to re-establish the initial conditions is included in the model.…”

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Low Energy Atomic Photodesorption from Organic Coatings

et al. 2016

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Organic coatings have been widely used in atomic physics during the last 50 years because of their mechanical properties, allowing preservation of atomic spins after collisions. Nevertheless, this did not produce detailed insight into the characteristics of the coatings and their dynamical interaction with atomic vapors. This has changed since the 1990s, when their adsorption and desorption properties triggered a renewed interest in organic coatings. In particular, a novel class of phenomena produced by non-destructive light-induced desorption of atoms embedded in the coating surface was observed and later applied in different fields. Nowadays, low energy non-resonant atomic photodesorption from organic coatings can be considered an almost standard technique whenever large densities of atomic vapors or fast modulation of their concentration are required. In this paper, we review the steps that led to this widespread diffusion, from the preliminary observations to some of the most recent applications in fundamental and applied physics.

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“…The general technology for cell preparation and application of the paraffin coating is described in Ref. [12]. The cell was made by glass-blowing techniques and is of an approximately spherical shape, with an outer diameter of about 3 mm and wall thickness of about 0.2 to 0.3 mm.…”

Section: The Cellmentioning

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Magnetometry with millimeter-scale antirelaxation-coated alkali-metal vapor cells

et al. 2006

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Dynamic nonlinear magneto-optical-rotation signals with frequency-and amplitude-modulated laser light have been observed and investigated with a spherical glass cell of 3-mm diameter containing Cs metal with inner walls coated with paraffin. Intrinsic Zeeman relaxation rates of γ/(2π) ≈ 20 Hz and lower have been observed. Favorable prospects of using millimeter-scale coated cells in portable magnetometers and secondary frequency references are discussed.

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Light-induced desorption of alkali-metal atoms from paraffin coating

Cited by 148 publications

References 30 publications

Selective Addressing of High-Rank Atomic Polarization Moments

Selective Addressing of High-Rank Atomic Polarization Moments

Low Energy Atomic Photodesorption from Organic Coatings

Magnetometry with millimeter-scale antirelaxation-coated alkali-metal vapor cells

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