Light‐Triggered Switchable Graphene–Polymer Hybrid Bioelectronics

Parlak, Onur; Beyazıt, Selim; Jafari, Mohammad Javad; Bui, Bernadette Tse Sum; Haupt, Karsten; Tiwari, Ashutosh; Turner, Anthony

doi:10.1002/admi.201500353

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Novel nanotechnological methods and materials (e. g., graphene) combined with photoswitchable molecular, biomolecular and supramolecular systems have allowed for designing single‐molecule switches and hybrid nano‐structured switchable materials for nanoelectronic devices. Combining together different stimuli‐responsive and nano‐structured materials resulted in programmable bioelectronic devices logically processing various input signals (including light) and performing operation responding instantaneously to changing environment .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Electrodes and Electrochemical Systems Switchable by Light Signals

Katz¹

2018

Electroanalysis

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This article is an overview of extensive research efforts in many laboratories in the last two decades in the area of light‐switchable electrochemical systems and modified electrodes. Electrochemical reactions, including electrocatalytic and bioelectrocatalytic processes, have been reversibly activated and inhibited upon irradiation with light at different wavelengths. In order to realize these light activated or inhibited processes, the electrodes or/and reacting molecules were functionalized with photoisomerizable molecules including various derivatives of diarylethene, phenoxynaphthacenequinone, azobenzene and spiropyran/merocyanine. Photochemical reactions of these species resulted in change of their redox activity, conformation and electrical charge. All these changes affected electrode surfaces or (bio)molecules resulting in switching ON‐OFF corresponding (bio)electrochemical processes. Various systems based on different light‐controlled reactions are reviewed and discussed with specific examples and with many illustrating figures. Possible extensions of the research area and future applications are briefly overviewed in the conclusion section. The present comprehensive review is addressed to a broad scientific community, including newcomers to the area.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Electrodes and Electrochemical Systems Switchable by Light Signals

Katz¹

2018

Electroanalysis

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“…The objective of a biosensor is to generate a signal based on biochemical interactions in an analytical standard. Biosensors are usually categorized according to 1) their mechanism of transduction, which may be electrical, [22,23] optical, [24] or mechanical; [25] or 2) mechanism of biorecognition, such as catalytic [26] or affinitybased [27] (Figure 1a). In this review, we categorize biorecognition elements in two groups independent from their catalytic…”

Section: Doi: 101002/mabi202000129mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Sensing and Biofilm Monitoring for Infection Diagnostics

Parlak

Richter‐Dahlfors

2020

Macromolecular Bioscience

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Recent insights into the rapidly emerging field of bacterial sensing and biofilm monitoring for infection diagnostics are discussed as well as recent key developments and emerging technologies in the field. Electrochemical sensing of bacteria and bacterial biofilm via synthetic, natural, and engineered recognition, as well as direct redox-sensing approaches via algorithmbased optical sensing, and tailor-made optotracing technology are discussed. These technologies are highlighted to answer the very critical question: "how can fast and accurate bacterial sensing and biofilm monitoring be achieved? Following on from that: "how can these different sensing concepts be translated for use in infection diagnostics? A central obstacle to this transformation is the absence of direct and fast analysis methods that provide high-throughput results and bio-interfaces that can control and regulate the means of communication between biological and electronic systems. Here, the overall progress made to date in building such translational efforts at the level of an individual bacterial cell to a bacterial community is discussed.

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“…An effective approach to increase the electrochemical signal generated by the redox-active marker entails the modification of the electrode with semi-selective films that can be designed to influence the redox reaction so as to better control the electron transfer rates of a molecule of interest at the expense of another molecule [12][13][14][15]. The works of Tiwari, Katz, Mandler, and others [6,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] (including our own [30][31][32]) have shown that, by coating electrodes with films that can amplify the electrochemical signal of a molecule of interest in the presence of other molecules with overlapping signals, such a semi-selective electrode can improve the selectivity of a single sensor in multicomponent mixtures. In one example from our previous work, we influenced the physicochemical properties of the redox reaction at the electrode by encapsulating carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the pH-responsive bio-polymer chitosan, and showed that this modification decreased the standard redox potential of a molecule of interest due to the electrocatalytic nature of the CNTs [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan bio-functionalization of carbon nanotube arrayed electrode

Ben‐Yoav¹,

Schroeder²,

Noked³

2017

Adv. Mater. Lett.

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Nanostructured electrodes enable a new generation of electrochemical sensors by increasing their surface area that lead to stronger signals generated by electrochemically-active molecules, such as diagnostic redox-active biomarkers. Yet, the selectivity of these translational sensors is far from being sufficient for discriminating between individual molecules in multicomponent samples, such as biofluids. Here, we propose an approach to improve the selectivity of nanostructured electrodes using a simple modification with a functional bio-polymer. Specifically, we demonstrate the targeted modification with a bio-polymer chitosan of carbon nanotubes organized in an array on a Au electrode. We describe the fabrication process and we show the characterization of the structural morphology and the electrochemical activity of the fabricated chitosan-modified carbon nanotube arrayed electrode. Electrochemical characterization yielded an increased effective surface area for the optimized carbon nanotube arrayed electrode (0.46 ± 0.03 cm 2 ) that was similar to the area of the unmodified Au electrode (0.48 ± 0.02 cm 2 ). Furthermore, despite decreased electrochemical current characteristics, we demonstrate the feasibility to modify individual carbon nanotubes with chitosan. The modification of the carbon nanostructures with chitosan will enable further functionalization with specific receptors, such as enzymes and antibodies that will provide the required selectivity towards biomarkers in multicomponent biofluids.

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Light‐Triggered Switchable Graphene–Polymer Hybrid Bioelectronics

Cited by 20 publications

References 42 publications

Modified Electrodes and Electrochemical Systems Switchable by Light Signals

Modified Electrodes and Electrochemical Systems Switchable by Light Signals

Bacterial Sensing and Biofilm Monitoring for Infection Diagnostics

Chitosan bio-functionalization of carbon nanotube arrayed electrode

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