Lignin-modifying enzymes from selected white-rot fungi: production and role from in lignin degradation

Abstract

White‐rot fungi produce extracellular lignin‐modifying enzymes, the best characterized of which are laccase (EC 1.10.3.2), lignin peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7) and manganese peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.7). Lignin biodegradation studies have been carried out mostly using the white‐rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium which produces multiple isoenzymes of lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase but does not produce laccase. Many other white‐rot fungi produce laccase in addition to lignin and manganese peroxidases and in varying combinations. Based on the enzyme production patterns of an array of white‐rot fungi, three categories of fungi are suggested: (i) lignin‐manganese peroxidase group (e.g.P. chrysosporium and Phlebia radiata), (ii) manganese peroxidase‐laccase group (e.g. Dichomitus squalens and Rigidoporus lignosus), and (iii) lignin peroxidase‐laccase group (e.g. Phlebia ochraceofulva and Junghuhnia separabilima). The most efficient lignin degraders, estimated by 14CO2 evolution from 14C‐[Ring]‐labelled synthetic lignin (DHP), belong to the first group, whereas many of the most selective lignin‐degrading fungi belong to the second, although only moderate to good [14C]DHP mineralization is obtained using fungi from this group. The lignin peroxidase‐laccase fungi only poorly degrade [14C]DHP.

Microbial cycling of volatile organic sulfur compounds

“…Since methoxylated aromatic compounds are degradation products of lignin, a highly abundant biopolymer on earth, this mechanism for VOSC production is likely to be important in freshwater systems that are generally more organic rich than 578 B. P. Lomans et al VOSCs in freshwater ecosystems marine and estuarine systems. The degradation of lignin is an aerobic process [71] and these compounds therefore likely occur in the anaerobic/aerobic interphase.…”

Effect of pH on the stability of Pleurotus eryngii versatile peroxidase during heterologous production in Emericella nidulans

“…Lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and other white-rot fungi have been extensively investigated because of the ability of these extracellular oxidoreductases to degrade lignin and aromatic xenobiotics [1,2,3,4]. A third ligninolytic peroxidase with high biotechnological potential has been reported in the Pleurotus and Bjerkandera species [5,6,7].…”

Decolorization of Six Synthetic Dyes by Fungi

“…Ligninolytic basidiomycetous fungi produce different combinations of extracellular oxidoreductive enzymes (laccases, manganese peroxidases, versatile peroxidases and lignin peroxidases), which can degrade natural biopolymers such as lignin and degrade recalcitrant xenobiotic synthetic compounds (Hatakka, 1994;Hatakka and Hammel, 2010). The growth of ascomycetes and basidiomycetes and their extracellular enzyme production are suitable indicators for the environmental health.…”