Lignin synthesis and accumulation in barley cultivars differing in their resistance to lodging

Begović, Lidija; Abičić, Ivan; Lalić, Alojzije; Lepeduš, Hrvoje; Cesar, Vera; Leljak-Levanić, Dunja

doi:10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.10.036

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The PAL activity was found to increase up to vegetative phases and a significant ( p = .003) decrease was observed at a reproductive stage. An increase in PAL expression and PAL activity with stem maturity has been reported in sugarcane ( Saccharum officinarum L.) and barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) (Begovic et al., 2018; Kolahi et al., 2013). Similar results have also been reported in buckwheat( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), where the PAL activity exhibited an increase in the vegetative phase and a sharp decrease in the reproductive stage (Hu et al., 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Enzymatic and biochemical alterations in relation to lignin deposition at different growth stages of tall fescue

2021

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Lignin is a phenolic biopolymer that limits the intake potential and energy availability of forage crops. In order to understand the lignification process, enzymatic and biochemical studies were conducted at four different growth stages of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). An increase in phenylalanine ammonia lyase and tyrosine ammonia lyase activity was observed with advancement of growth from first node palpable stage to third node palpable stage with a decrease at spikelet emergence stage. Cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and peroxidase exhibited a continuous significant (p < .05) increase and positive correlation with lignin concentration. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase exhibited a significant (p < .05) positive correlation with lignin concentration, suggesting its probable exclusive role in tall fescue lignification. Cellulose and total phenol exhibited a 13.0 and 71.8% increase, whereas pectin and crude protein exhibited a significant (p < .05, p = .0001) decrease of 65.1 and 15.4%, respectively, with the growth advancement from first node palpable to spikelet emergence stage. Klason lignin also exhibited a dramatic 9.4-fold increase from vegetative to reproductive stage. The enzymatic and biochemical alterations were closely associated with the lignification process. This study provides an integrated picture of the enzymatic and biochemical alterations that accompany changes in lignin deposition in tall fescue. INTRODUCTIONLignin (Latin word lignum meaning "wood"), a phenolic polymer, is one of the major components of forage cell walls and accounts for 30% of total organic carbon content of the biosphere (Liu et al., 2018). Lignin exists as undigestible lignocellulosic biomass and is an inhibitor of cell

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Enzymatic and biochemical alterations in relation to lignin deposition at different growth stages of tall fescue

2021

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“…Качественный и количественный состав экстрактов пивной дробины различной степени обработки [31,32]. Лигнин дробины сформирован из фенольных единиц п-кумарилового, кониферилового и синапилового спиртов, объединенные между собой в звенья с последующей полимеризацией [33]. Основываясь на вышесказанном можно сказать, что экстракция этанол-содержащими растворами позволяет выделить свободные полифенолы и прочие соединения, не затрагивая внутреннюю структуру дробины.…”

Section: объекты и методы исследованияunclassified

Innovative Method for Obtaining Biologically Active Compounds from Brewery Mash

Кобелев

Gernet

Грибкова

2021

Food Processing: Techniques and Technology

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Introduction. Brewery mash, or brewer’s spent grain (BSG), is a by-product of brewing industry. It is known to contain valuable biologically active substances. However, their extraction is complicated by the presence of various polymers. The research featured various physicochemical methods for obtaining valuable biological compounds from brewery waste. The new method modified complex non-starch polysaccharides, lignin, arabinoxylans, and other high-molecular compounds associated with phenolic compounds. The research objective was to solve the problem of recycling industrial by-products that accumulate in large quantities and require expensive processing or disposal. The paper introduces new technological approaches for deep processing of BSG as a source of secondary raw materials in order to obtain extracts fortified with polyphenolic compounds. Study objects and methods. The research featured BSG from malt subjected to treatment with ECA-activated water (catholyte with pH 9.6 ± 0.1), followed by enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulolytic enzyme preparations and extraction with a polar solvent of the resulting free polyphenolic substances. The experiments were based on standard methods for assessing the content of various biologically active substances. Results and discussion. A 70% water-ethanol solution proved to be optimal at the BSG:extractant ratio of 2:1, process temperature = 50 ± 2°C, and extraction time = 60 ± 5 min. Under the same conditions, 70 %vol. of beer distillate made it possible to extract phenolic acids, flavonoid rutin, irreplaceable and nonessential amino acids, and non-starch polysaccharide β-glucan from the BSG matrix. The BSG treatment with 1M NaOH solution delivered viscous hydrolysates fortified with flavonoids rutin and quercetin, which did not happen when acid hydrolysis was used. The combined use of ECA-treated water (catholyte with pH 9.6 ± 0.1) for 24 ± 0.05 h, combined with biocatalysis with the enzyme preparation Viskoflo MG for 2 ± 0.05 h, made it possible to obtain BSG extracts with a high content of phenolic acids and aldehydes, as well as flavonoid rutin. Conclusion. The study revealed the mechanism of hydrolytic decomposition of BSG non-starch polysaccharides, considering the compounds contained in the extracts. The BSG hydrolysates fortified with various phenolic compounds can be used in various food technologies, e.g., in fermented drinks.

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“…Lignification of plant tissues is an important and not fully understood process that determines the structural and functional features of plants. For example, a comparative study of the physiological aspects of lignin synthesis in barley cultivars with different lodging phenotype showed that the internode lignification process is strongly influenced by genotype and environmental factors that determine the dynamics of lignin synthesis and its deposition in the cell walls (Begović et al, 2018). Lignin is a hydrophobic heterogeneous polymer composed of phenolic compounds, mainly of three hydroxycinnamyl alcohols (Kärkönen & Koutaniemi, 2010).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, in the soft white winter wheat crops, growth-regulating compounds chlormequat chloride-CC and trinexapacethyl-TE eliminated crop lodging and yield losses, reducing linear plant growth (Qin et al, 2020). According to recent research, a decrease in grain crops stem lodging is due to the appearance of a greater strength of the plants' structural parts and correlates with change in chemical composition of the cell walls, including the lignin content (Begović et al, 2018;Heuschele et al, 2020;Huang et al, 2021). We have previously reported the positive effects of several synthesized 3-sulfolene derivatives on the growth and development of maize seedlings, including an increase in the vigour index, root and shoot length (Palchikov et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altering maize (Zea mays) seedlings’ growth and lignification processes by action of novel synthesized compounds

Lykholat

Хромых

Дідур

et al. 2021

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Effective management of the course of crop vegetation and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses is a prerequisite for stable grain production and requires replenishment of the arsenal of plant growth regulators. The effect of novel synthesized cage amides on maize seedlings morphogenesis has been tested. Seeds of a mid-early maize hybrid 'DN Galatea' after the pre-sowing treatment with 0.01% solutions of test compounds were grown in distilled water. The roots and shoots sections of 10-day-old maize seedlings were stained with phloroglucinol solution to reveal the lignin-containing anatomical structures. The effects of nine different test compounds, exceeding the well-known effects of the phytohormone auxin, promoted the maize seedlings’ linear growth, increased wet weight of roots and shoots, and dry biomass accumulation both in seedlings roots and shoots. Several test compounds activated the dry weight accumulation process without significantly affecting the root and shoot length. In the maize seedlings’ roots, an increase in the diameter and number of the xylem vessels was found, as well as an increase in the lignin-containing layer thickness of the endoderm cells in the root cortex. In the maize seedlings’ shoots, the test compounds caused an increase in the thickness of the lignin-containing outer layer of the seedlings’ first leaf. In general, the test compounds’ effect on seedling roots can potentially enhance root formation; increase efficiency of the roots water-conducting system and the tissues’ strength, thus reducing the likelihood of root lodging in maize plants. The effects of the test compounds revealed in the seedlings’ shoots reflect the activation of the shoots’ structure formation and may have a positive value for enhancing the strength of the plant stems and counteracting the stem lodging of the maize plants.

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Lignin synthesis and accumulation in barley cultivars differing in their resistance to lodging

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Enzymatic and biochemical alterations in relation to lignin deposition at different growth stages of tall fescue

Enzymatic and biochemical alterations in relation to lignin deposition at different growth stages of tall fescue

Innovative Method for Obtaining Biologically Active Compounds from Brewery Mash

Altering maize (Zea mays) seedlings’ growth and lignification processes by action of novel synthesized compounds

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