Lignite and hard coal: Energy suppliers for world needs until the year 2100 — An outlook

Thielemann, Thomas; Schmidt, Sandro; Gerling, Johannes Peter

doi:10.1016/j.coal.2007.04.003

Cited by 109 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Historical trends are assumed to continue and no dramatic deviations are considered. This will provide a complementary view to other studies that have used geological existence as the only factor for future production [37,38] without closer examination of how volumes available for production have actually developed over time. The modelling uses the basic approach that Hubbert [24,25] originally proposed to provide some possible future outlooks.…”

Section: Aim Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 90%

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Global coal production outlooks based on a logistic model

Höök

Zittel

Schindler

et al. 2010

Fuel

160

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A small number of nations control the vast majority of the world's coal reserves. The geologically available amounts of coal are vast, but geological availability is not enough to ensure future production since economics and restrictions also play an important role. Historical trends in reserve and resource assessments can provide some insight about future coal supply and provide reasonable limits for modelling. This study uses a logistic model to create long-term outlooks for global coal production. A global peak in coal production can be expected between 2020 and 2050, depending on estimates of recoverable volumes. This is also compared with other forecasts. The overall conclusion is that the global coal production could reach a maximum level much sooner than most observers expect.

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Section: Aim Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 90%

“…It is commonly assumed that resources will be transformed into new reserves as demand increases [37,38]. Historical trends can provide some insight in the validity of this idea and what can be expected from the future.…”

Section: Aim Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Global coal production outlooks based on a logistic model

Höök

Zittel

Schindler

et al. 2010

Fuel

160

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“…The EWG [4] consider their URR value as an overestimate of the actual URR, whereas others believe it would be an underestimate [8]. The conventional view is 3 that the URR estimate from the EWG [4] would be too low as Thielemann et al [8] explains "Every year, coal resources move into reserves as our knowledge of coal deposits improve and new pits or pit sections are developed".…”

Section: Literature Ultimately Recoverable Resources Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Resources have decreased nearly 50% over the last 25 years [4] and reserves have decreased by 137 Gt during the last 6 years to now be 847 Gt [9]. However the conventional theory indicates that reserves and resources should have increased [8]. Ultimately since coal resources and reserves have not been following the conventional view we can only assume that the EWG [4] URR estimate is an overestimate.…”

Section: Literature Ultimately Recoverable Resources Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The conventional view is 3 that the URR estimate from the EWG [4] would be too low as Thielemann et al [8] explains "Every year, coal resources move into reserves as our knowledge of coal deposits improve and new pits or pit sections are developed". So by the conventional view we would expect the URR from EWG [4] and Laherrere [3] to be an underestimate.…”

Section: Literature Ultimately Recoverable Resources Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Forecasting coal production until 2100

Mohr

Evans

2009

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181

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Effects of lignite dewatering treatment on the surface behaviour and NO emission characteristics during the combustion process

Zhao

Sun

et al. 2019

Can J Chem Eng

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Hailaer lignite (HLE) with a uniform particle size distribution (3-6 mm) was employed to investigate the parameters of the low-temperature dewatering process influencing the emission of gaseous pollutants (NO x ) during their combustion process. The combustion of HLE original/dried samples obtained from a COMBD ry drying system were carried out in a fixed bed horizontal furnace under an air atmosphere at the reaction temperature of 1100 8C. The dewatering treatment led to the enhancement of the relative amount of the volatile and fixed carbon content in the upgraded coal sample. The deconvolution of the Raman spectra of each sample showed that the increased degree of drying led to an enhancement of the defects in aromatic structures, indicating an enhancement in the number of active sites or oxygen-containing complexes on particle surface. The devolatilization and combustion experimental results showed the following: (1) with the increase in the degree of drying, more HCN and NH 3 were released during the devolatilization process, and both HCN and NH 3 molecules had positive effects on the consumption of NO under high temperature conditions; (2) due to the enhancement of the specific surface area and total amount of surface active sites (C f ) after the drying treatment, the combustion and reduction reactivity of the dried HLE samples increased significantly; and (3) the conversion ratio of fuel-N to NO during the combustion process decreased significantly with the increase of the degree of dewatering. Therefore, it could be concluded that the removal of moisture content in lignite particles in advance had positive effects on lignite high efficiency combustion with low NO emission.

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Lignite and hard coal: Energy suppliers for world needs until the year 2100 — An outlook

Cited by 109 publications

References 1 publication

Global coal production outlooks based on a logistic model

Global coal production outlooks based on a logistic model

Forecasting coal production until 2100

Effects of lignite dewatering treatment on the surface behaviour and NO emission characteristics during the combustion process

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