1995
DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb11292.x
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Limb reduction defects in South America

Abstract: Objective Limb reduction defects were considered as possible indicators of environmental teratogenesis; it was suggested that also invasive prenatal procedures could increase the risk for limb reduction defects. The purpose of this work is to give a baseline frequency for limb reduction defects, using data from a population not exposed to prenatal diagnosis procedures.Design Using data collected in the period 1967 to 1992 within the frame of the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malf… Show more

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Cited by 37 publications
(34 citation statements)
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“…As pointed out by other studies, there is no clear definition of thalidomide-induced limb defects [Calzolari et al, 1990;Smithells and Newman, 1992;Lin et al, 1993;Castilla et al, 1995]. The clinical delineation of thalidomide embryopathy syndrome is difficult and considerable differences in case definition exist [Smithells and Newman, 1992;Castilla et al, 1997].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…As pointed out by other studies, there is no clear definition of thalidomide-induced limb defects [Calzolari et al, 1990;Smithells and Newman, 1992;Lin et al, 1993;Castilla et al, 1995]. The clinical delineation of thalidomide embryopathy syndrome is difficult and considerable differences in case definition exist [Smithells and Newman, 1992;Castilla et al, 1997].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…The heterogeneity in classification of limb deficiencies remains and is expanding in studies published during the last 5 years [Evans et al, 1994;Castilla et al, 1995;Stoll et al, 1992, 19941. It resulted in further variations of limb classifications: Stoll uses 5 categories: (1) terminal transverse defects; (2) proximalintercalary defects; (3) longitudinal defects; (4) split handfoot; (5) multiple types of reduction defects.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Evans et al [19941 distinguish 11 different groups of defects: (1) amelia; (2) rudimentary limb; (3) terminal transverse; (4) longitudinal preaxial; (5) longitudinal postaxial; (6) intercalary; (7) split handfoot; (8) digital deficiencies; (9) other; (10) mixed; and (11) insufficient information. Castilla et al [1995] separate 25 different groups of limb defects, including amelia, 4 types of amputations, 3 types of hypoplasias, 2 types of phocomelias, 2 types of preaxial and 2 types of postaxial defects, axial defects, and 7 types of combined defects. The problem with all these systems is that there remain considerable numbers (&33% of cases) of combined defects (Table 11), which cannot be classified, if the classification system allows only for sites of deficiency.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Its incidence ranges from 26 to 39 per 10,000 stillbirths, and from 4.4 to 6.2 per 10,000 live births 8 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%