“…In recent decades, scholars have extensively explored the different dimensions of EMI programs. These include (1) language policy and planning (Karabassova, 2021;Kerimkulova et al, 2023;Sah and Fang, 2023;Goodman and Karabassova, 2018), (2) teaching and learning processes (Goodman et al, 2023;Richards and Pun, 2022), (3) perceptions of different stakeholders towards EMI (Al-Riyami and Dayananda, 2022;Goodman et al, 2022), (4) challenges and concerns (Hajar and Mhamed, 2021;Hajar et al, 2023;Pun et al, 2023;Sarmurzin et al, 2023), (5) teachers' perspectives and training (Deroey, 2023;Macaro and Han, 2020;Karabassova, 2018), ( 6) student motivation and attitudes (Kojima, 2021;Turhan and Kirkg€ oz, 2018), (7) discourse of emotions (Hillman, 2023;Sah, 2023a, b;Yuan et al, 2023), and so on. Initial research conducted in regions such as Hong Kong, where English has been the primary medium of instruction for a considerable period, indicated predominantly favorable perceptions towards EMI, as reported by Evans and Morrison (2011).…”