Links between fecal microbiota and the response to vaccination against influenza A virus in pigs

Borey, Marion; Blanc, Fany; Lemonnier, Gaëtan; Leplat, Jean Jacques; Jardet, Déborah; Rossignol, Marie; Ravon, Laure; Billon, Yvon; Bernard, Maria; Estellé, Jordi; Rogel–Gaillard, Claire

doi:10.1038/s41541-021-00351-2

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Understanding IAV infection and the role of the microbiota in this large natural animal model has enormous potential for unraveling the causal links between changes in the microbiota and immunity to infection or immunization. Recently, a study showed the association between the presence of genus Prevotella and Muribaculaceae families in the feces and a stronger antibody response to immunization against IAV in pigs [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Nasal Microbiota of Pigs Following Single or Co-Infection with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Swine Influenza A Viruses

et al. 2021

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Host-microbiota interactions are important in shaping immune responses that have the potential to influence the outcome of pathogen infection. However, most studies have focused on the gut microbiota and its possible association with disease outcome, while the role of the nasal microbiota and respiratory pathogen infection has been less well studied. Here we examined changes in the composition of the nasal microbiota of pigs following experimental infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2), swine influenza A H3N2 virus (H3N2) or both viruses. DNA extracted from nasal swabs were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing to study the composition of the nasal microbiota. Bacterial richness fluctuated in all groups, with a slight reduction in pigs singly infected with PRRSV-2 and H3N2 during the first 5 days of infection compared to uninfected controls. In contrast, nasal bacterial richness remained relatively stable after PRRSV-2/H3N2 co-infection. PRRSV-2 and H3N2, alone or in combination differentially altered the abundance and distribution of bacterial families. Single and co-infection with PRRSV-2 or H3N2 was associated with the expansion of the Neisseriaceae family. A positive correlation between H3N2 viral load and the relative abundance of the Neisseriaceae was observed. However, further mechanistic studies are required to understand the significance of the changes in specific bacterial families following these viral infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Nasal Microbiota of Pigs Following Single or Co-Infection with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Swine Influenza A Viruses

et al. 2021

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“…Functional interactions between the gut microbiome and the vaccination response were first described in humans and mice [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. In piglets, the composition of the microbiota before vaccination was predictive of the quantitative response after influenza A virus vaccination [ 24 ]. In bovines, a significant association was observed between bacterial communities of the bovine fecal microbiota and the immune response after parenteral vaccination against E. coli O157:H7 [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product (Olimond BB) Does Not Alter the Fecal Microbiota of Thoroughbred Racehorses

Lucassen

Hankel

Finkler-Schade³

et al. 2022

Animals

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Feed supplements such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products (SCFP) alter immune responses in horses. The purpose of this study was to analyze whether a prebiotic activity of the SCFP alters the gut microbiome in horses. Racehorses were fed either SCFP (Olimond BB, OLI, n = 6) or placebo pellets (PLA, n = 5) for 43 days. Fecal microbiota analysis was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The numbers and function of circulating immune cell subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry. SCFP supplementation resulted in non-consistent differences in fecal microbiota between the PLA and OLI during the feeding period. Rather, the individual animal had the highest impact on fecal microbiota composition. OLI and PLA horses displayed the same changes in numbers of blood leukocyte subpopulations over time. One day after a booster vaccination against equine influenza during the feeding period, the alpha diversity of fecal microbiota of PLA horses was significantly higher compared to OLI horses. This suggests that SCFP feeding altered the vaccination-induced spectrum of released mediators, potentially affecting gut microbiota. The overall non-consistent findings argue against a strong prebiotic effect of Olimond BB on the microbiota in racehorses. Fecal microbiota differences between the groups were also noticed outside the feeding period and, hence, are most likely not caused by the SCFP additive.

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“…Vaccination against specific pathogens has been an extensive method to control infectious diseases for a long time now. Primary function of all vaccines is the stimulation of the immune system against specific antigens, while one of the main tasks of the microbiota is to contribute to the maturation of the immune system 17 – 20 . Thus, the influence of the microbiota on the vaccine response has been more studied than the effect that the vaccines may have in the host microbiota and, in particular, in the microbiota of the progeny 16 , 21 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sow vaccination against virulent Glaesserella parasuis shapes the nasal microbiota of their offspring

Blanco-Fuertes

Correa‐Fiz

López-Serrano

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Glaesserella parasuis is the etiological agent of Glässer’s disease, a common pathology in the pork industry with higher prevalence in the postweaning period. Vaccination is one of the strategies to control this disease. Here, we investigated the effect that sow vaccination against virulent strains of G. parasuis had in the nasal microbiota of their offspring. Nasal swabs from fifteen days-old piglets from vaccinated (vs-P, n = 11) and unvaccinated sows (cs-P, n = 11) were obtained and DNA was extracted for 16S amplicon sequencing. Microbiota composition was different, with lower diversity in vs-P, and a strong clustering of the groups in beta diversity analysis. Among the 1509 sequences associated to either study group, all the sequences classified as G. parasuis (10 ASVs) had lower relative abundance in the vs-P group. A list of 32 inferred metabolic pathways were statistically different between groups. A distinctive structure of the two microbial networks was detected, with modules in the cs-P not conserved in the vs-P network. In conclusion, vaccination of the sows had a large effect in the microbiota composition of their offspring that went beyond the effect on the targeted pathogen. The mechanisms underneath these changes may include alteration of the microbiota network due to the elimination of the targeted pathogen and/or immunological changes.

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Links between fecal microbiota and the response to vaccination against influenza A virus in pigs

Cited by 16 publications

References 78 publications

Changes in the Nasal Microbiota of Pigs Following Single or Co-Infection with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Swine Influenza A Viruses

Changes in the Nasal Microbiota of Pigs Following Single or Co-Infection with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome and Swine Influenza A Viruses

Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fermentation Product (Olimond BB) Does Not Alter the Fecal Microbiota of Thoroughbred Racehorses

Sow vaccination against virulent Glaesserella parasuis shapes the nasal microbiota of their offspring

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