Lipid and Phenolic Biomarkers in Marine Ecosystems: Analysis and Applications

Parrish, Christopher C.; Abrajano, T.A.; Budge, Suzanne M.; Helleur, Robert; Hudson, E. D.; Pulchan, K. Jerry; Ramos, C.

doi:10.1007/10683826_8

Cited by 155 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…It met the QA criteria prescribed for consistent external calibrations, low blanks, and precise replicate analysis. Relative standard deviations or coefficients of variation (CV) are ∼10% [6,7] and Iatroscan values for aquatic samples are routinely ∼90% of those obtained by gravimetry and other methods [6][7][8]. Gravimetric values tend to be higher, probably because the Iatroscan will determine only non-volatile lipids and because there is always the possibility of the inclusion of nonlipid material in gravimetric determinations.…”

Section: Lipid Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids in Marine Ecosystems

2013

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Lipids provide the densest form of energy in marine ecosystems. They are also a solvent and absorption carrier for organic contaminants and thus can be drivers of pollutant bioaccumulation. Among the lipids, certain essential fatty acids and sterols are considered to be important determinants of ecosystem health and stability. Fatty acids and sterols are also susceptible to oxidative damage leading to cytotoxicity and a decrease in membrane fluidity. The physical characteristics of biological membranes can be defended from the influence of changing temperature, pressure, or lipid peroxidation by altering the fatty acid and sterol composition of the lipid bilayer. Marine lipids are also a valuable tool to measure inputs, cycling, and loss of materials. Their heterogeneous nature makes them versatile biomarkers that are widely used in marine trophic studies, often with the help of multivariate statistics, to delineate carbon cycling and transfer of materials. Principal components analysis has a strong following as it permits data reduction and an objective interpretation of results, but several more sophisticated multivariate analyses which are more quantitative are emerging too. Integrating stable isotope and lipid data can facilitate the interpretation of both data sets and can provide a quantitative estimate of transfer across trophic levels.

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Section: Lipid Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipids in Marine Ecosystems

2013

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“…Therefore our calculation of the levels of bacterial contribution was based on sum of i15:0, a15:0, i15:0, i17:0, a17:0, 17:0 and 19:0 FAs, the levels were found to be in the range of 19.98% and 33.48% with a mean value of 25.30% which is highest comparison with other contribution at the study area ( Figure 5) In many aquatic environments, there is interest in determining the extent of contribution from terrestrial plants. Even numbered, saturated long-chain FAs >C24 in aquatic sediments are typically associated with an input of OM from terrestrial higher plants (Parish et al, 2000;Camacho-Ibar et al, 2003;Al-mutlaq et al, 2008).The sum of C24-C32 (ΣC24-C32) concentrations of long chain FAs (LCFAs) were calculated ( Conclusions 1-The relatively low TOC content determined for the Shatt Al-Arab estuary and north west Arabian Gulf sediments may be due to its characteristic.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Other FAs reported to be produced by both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria are 15:0 and 17:0 (Parish et al, 2000). The sum of these FAs has been used to estimate the bacterial contribution to reveries and estuarine systems (Harvey and Marko, 1997;Parish et al, 2000).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Sources of Fatty Acids in Sediment Samples from Shatt Al-Arab Estuary and Northwest Arabian Gulf

A.Ak¹,

H.T²,

A.A³

et al. 2015

ijms

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Surface sediments (10 cm) of the subtropical Shatt Al-Arab estuary and Northwest Arabian Gulf were collected to study the fatty acids distribution and sources .Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography. Other relevant parameters were measured including total organic carbon, and grain size. A total of 31 fatty acids were identified from the superficial sediment samples, including polyunsaturated PUFA, monounsaturated (MUFA), and saturated and branched fatty acids. The total FA (TFA ) concentrations were in the range 13.32-35.72 µg/g dry weight (dw).Generally, the abundances of the 31 FAs showing strong even/odd numbered predominance, and ranging from C12 to C32 were C14 (1.68-12.45%), C16 (2.92-13.49%), C18 (0.87-12.75), C19 (0.87-3.29%), C24 (0.19-6.99%) and C26 (nd-8.90%), C28(nd-5.91%). These distributions are indicative of input of terrestrial, phytoplanktonic and bacterial lipid residues. The sums of long chain FAs (LCFAs) C24-C32 concentrations of were calculated. High values of terrestrial Organic Matter (OM)were found at Shatt Al-Arab, the values were in the range 4.05-4.46 µg/g (dw), with contribution relative to the TFAs ranging from 12.49-21.99% (mean 17.99%). While low values were found at the North West Arabian Gulf , the values were in the range 0.03-0.09 µg/g (dw), with contribution relative to the TFAs ranging from 0.19-0.68 % (mean 0.36%).

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“…The fatty acids of the mentioned sea-ice diatoms also consist mainly of C 14:0 , C 16:0 , C 16:1n-7 and C 20:5n-3 , similar to diatoms from temperate environments (Volkman et al, 1989;Viso and Marty, 1993). The ratio of AC 16:1 /C 16:0 as a general diatom indicator was proposed by Claustre et al (1988 -89) and values >1.6 have been used as evidence for diatom-derived fatty acid contributions in diverse aquatic systems, including the cold environment (Budge and Parrish, 1998;Parrish et al, 2000;Budge et al, 2001;Ramos et al, 2003). This is supported by comparisons of C 16:1 /C 16:0 ratios among different taxonomic classes of marine microalgae (Viso and Marty, 1993;Zhukova and Aizdaicher, 1995).…”

Section: Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Aliphatic lipids in recent sediments of the Fram Strait/Yermak Plateau (Arctic Ocean): composition, sources and transport processes

2004

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Surface sediments (n = 39) from the western Fram Strait and across the Yermak Plateau (Arctic Ocean) were investigated by molecular and isotopic organic geochemical methods to determine the composition, distribution and origin of extractable aliphatic lipids (n-alkanes, n-alkanols, fatty acids). Bulk geochemical parameters (TOC-content, d 13 C org ) were also determined, including additional samples nearby. Enhanced organic carbon contents of up to 1.6% along the western slope of the Yermak Plateau and north off Spitsbergen, corroborated by an average d 13 C org value of À 22.3x, indicated most of the organic material to be of a marine origin, despite ice-cover. The extractable aliphatic lipids contributed up to 1% of the sedimentary organic carbon and were dominated by fatty acids (0.7 -9.1 mg/g TOC), whereas n-alkanes and n-alkanols contributed only minor amounts (0.1 -0.4 mg/g TOC). The detailed molecular and carbon isotopic characterisation of the studied aliphatic compounds enabled assignments of most components to three lipid pools, representing: (a) primary production (marine phytoplankton, seaice algae), (b) secondary inputs (by feeding of zooplankton, benthic organisms and bacteria on the former) and (c) terrestrialderived contributions. The first two compound groups dominated, but varied significantly in relation to the environment and were highest at the MIZ (Marginal Ice Zone), and along the permanently ice-covered western flank of the Yermak Plateau. In contrast, compounds attributable to a terrestrial source were of only minor importance in terms of absolute concentrations and less variable, but showed increasing relative proportions from an average of 8 -14% at and southwards of the MIZ up to 27 -33% on the Yermak Plateau and towards the central Arctic Ocean as a consequence of the weakening signal of primary and secondary production. This study provides further insights into the Arctic Ocean carbon dynamics, but also an example of the impact of ocean-currents on the deposition and composition of organic matter. D

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Lipid and Phenolic Biomarkers in Marine Ecosystems: Analysis and Applications

Cited by 155 publications

References 4 publications

Lipids in Marine Ecosystems

Lipids in Marine Ecosystems

Distribution and Sources of Fatty Acids in Sediment Samples from Shatt Al-Arab Estuary and Northwest Arabian Gulf

Aliphatic lipids in recent sediments of the Fram Strait/Yermak Plateau (Arctic Ocean): composition, sources and transport processes

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