Lipid content and essential fatty acid (EFA) composition of mature Congolese breast milk are influenced by mothers' nutritional status: Impact on infants' EFA supply

Rocquelin, G.; Tapsoba, Sampawende; Dop, Marie‐Claude; Mbemba, F; Traissac, Pierre; Martin‐Prével, Yves

doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600529

Cited by 83 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…The present study does not show any clear relationship between the mother's BMI and milk-lipid content, contrary to what Van Steenbergen et al (1983) and Rocquelin et al (1998) report.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The amount of mature breast-milk lipid of HU and SU Mosuli mothers was higher (5.6 and 5.2 g/100 ml) than that reported for human milk (3.5-4 g/100 ml) in some developing countries (Brown et al, 1986;Rocquelin et al, 1998), and it was approximately equal to the lipid content of human milk in developed countries (Institute of Medicine, 1991). The amount of lipid content of LU mothers was lower than that usually reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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The influence of Iraqi mothers' socioeconomic status on their milk-lipid content

Al-Tamer

Mahmood

2006

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To investigate the lipid content and fatty acid (FA) composition, especially n 3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n 3 LCPUFAs) of mature breast-milk of Iraqi mothers and their relation to the socioeconomic status of the mothers. Design: A collection of mature breast-milk of mothers with three different socioeconomic status (lactation period 571 month). Setting: Mosul province (in the north of Iraq). Subjects: Mature breast-milk samples were obtained from a group of 20-to 35-year-old mothers with different socioeconomic status: high urban (HU, n ¼ 25), low urban (LU, n ¼ 15) and typical suburban (SU, n ¼ 25). Procedure: Mature-milk samples were collected from each lactating mother. The lipid components of each sample, namely triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (C) and phospholipids (PLs) were determined enzymatically. After their separation and esterification, FAs were determined as FA methyl esters by capillary gas chromatography. Results: The percentages of n 3 LCPUFAs were 0.4870.025, 0.3770.029 and 0.3870.018% for HU, LU and SU mothers, respectively. The amount of TGs, the major component of milk lipid, was 5.6470.24, 5.2171.61 and 3.2170.92 g/100 ml for HU, SU and LU mothers, respectively. The milk-lipid content varied with the socioeconomic status. Conclusion: The socioeconomic status of lactating mothers affected the lipid content and FA composition, especially the level of n 3 LCPUFAs (the very important structural constituents of the retina, brain and other nervous tissues). Mature breast-milk for the studied groups was low in n 3 LCPUFAs compared with that of mothers from developed countries and that recommended by WHO for optimum infant nutrition. Sponsorship: Supported by grants from Department of Chemistry, University of Mosul. The analysis of FA methyl ester samples was performed at the National

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“…The present study does not show any clear relationship between the mother's BMI and milk-lipid content, contrary to what Van Steenbergen et al (1983) and Rocquelin et al (1998) report.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

The influence of Iraqi mothers' socioeconomic status on their milk-lipid content

Al-Tamer

Mahmood

2006

Eur J Clin Nutr

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“…It is worth noting that breast milk lipid content varies according to the dietary profile. Highcarbohydrate and low-fat diets, commonly consumed in many developing countries, lead to higher breast-milk lipid content than do low-carbohydrate and high-fat diets (Rocquelin et al, 1998;Harzer et al, 1984). In general, and because of the economic sanctions (imposed on Iraq since 1990), the diet of Iraqi people was poor as it included a limited variety of foods (poor in animal protein and rich in carbohydrate and lipid).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They expressed 5-10 ml of breast milk (from both breasts), using a manual sterile glass sucker, and then total milk samples were immediately transferred into 15 ml sterile screw-capped glass vials containing 2 ml of ethanol to limit the lipolytic and oxidative degradation of milk lipids before extraction (Ali et al, 1984). The samples were collected in the mid morning when the lipid content is supposed to be highest (Rocquelin et al, 1998). Blood samples were drawn from all mothers, at the time of colostrum sampling, into sterile plastic tubes.…”

Section: Milk and Blood Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fatty-acid composition of the colostrum and serum of fullterm and preterm delivering Iraqi mothers

Al-Tamer

Mahmood

2004

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To determine the lipid components of colostrum and the fatty-acid (FA) composition of the colostrum and serum of Iraqi mothers, whether their delivery be fullterm (FT) or preterm (PT). Design: A collection of colostrum and serum samples of FT and PT delivering Iraqi mothers. Setting: Mosul province (in the north of Iraq). Subjects: Colostrum and blood samples were obtained from FT and PT delivering mothers; their gestation periods were 39.2 and 32.7 weeks, respectively (age 20-40 y). Procedures: Colostrum and serum samples were collected from each lactating mother. The nursing period was 3-5 days. The lipid components of colostrum, namely triglycerides (TGs) and cholesterol (C), were determined enzymatically and the phospholipids (PLs) were determined by using a colorimetric method based on the formation of a phosphomolybdate complex. The FA composition of colostrum and serum was determined by capillary gas chromatography. Results: Compared to PT colostrum, FT colostrum exhibited a significant increase in lipid content, viz. TGs (P ¼ 0.022); a significant decrease in medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), viz. C12 and C14 (P ¼ 0.03 and 0.005, respectively); no significant differences in monounsaturated fatty acids and a significant increase in C20:5 n3 and C22:6 n3 (P ¼ 0.001 and 0.05, respectively) and a slight increase in the level of n3/n6. The FA composition of the mother serum was found to mimic that of their colostrum, except for the level of MCFAs which was higher in the colostrum. Conclusions: The lipid content, the percentage of C22:6 n3 (the most important FA) and the level of n3/n6 in PT colostrum were lower than those in FT colostrum. They may be affected by serum lipid and immaturity of the mammary gland. Generally, the level of n3/n6 for both groups (0.09 and 0.08) is lower than that recommended by WHO (0.1) for infants' optimum nutrition. The difference in the level of MCFAs between the mother serum and colostrum reflects their de novo synthesis in the mammary gland. Sponsorship: Supported by Grants from Department of Chemistry, College of Education, University of Mosul. The analysis of fatty acid-methyl ester samples was performed at the National

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“…This difference is associated with variation in CLA intake, since humans do not synthesize this fatty acid 42 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplementation with the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid: influence on the lipid composition and fatty acid profile of human milk

et al. 2013

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OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the impact of supplementing the diet of women during pregnancy and lactation with fish oil containing the omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid, and its influence on the composition of human milk. METHODS: The sample comprised 60 women aged 18 to 38 years with appropriate dietary pattern, all of them healthy and nonsmokers. The intervention consisted of a daily supplementation with fish oil capsules that corresponded to a daily intake of 315mg of docosahexaenoic acid and 80mg of eicosapentaenoic acid during the third trimester of pregnancy and the first three months postpartum. The total fat content and fatty acid profile of their milk were determined by creamatocrit and gas chromatography. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and the significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the fat contents of the study (fish oil capsules) and control (capsules containing corn starch as filler) groups. However, the milk of women taking fish oil contained higher docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid levels 30 and 60 days after delivery. These results demonstrate that high omega-3 intake can influence its concentration in human milk. CONCLUSIONS: Given the importance of docosahexaenoic acid in the neonatal period, it is appropriate for pregnant and breastfeeding women to supplement on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may be done by adding fish oil to the regular diet.

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Lipid content and essential fatty acid (EFA) composition of mature Congolese breast milk are influenced by mothers' nutritional status: Impact on infants' EFA supply

Cited by 83 publications

References 19 publications

The influence of Iraqi mothers' socioeconomic status on their milk-lipid content

The influence of Iraqi mothers' socioeconomic status on their milk-lipid content

Fatty-acid composition of the colostrum and serum of fullterm and preterm delivering Iraqi mothers

Supplementation with the omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid: influence on the lipid composition and fatty acid profile of human milk

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