Lipid nanomaterials-based RNA therapy and cancer treatment

Virus detection light diffraction fingerprints for biological applications

“…Combining information from multiple fields, such as genomics, proteomics, and cytology, our method will allow more accurate models to be built (29)(30)(31)(32)(33). Further improvement in the accuracy and efficiency of virus disease detection will lay a solid foundation for the early screening of biological breeding.…”

Plant exosome nanovesicles (PENs): green delivery platforms

“…Exosomes have a spherical structure consisting of a phospholipid bilayer that allows them to embed or adsorb various drugs between the bilayers and encapsulate different types of drugs within the internal cavity. 78,[101][102][103][104] These vesicles can be used as nano-delivery vehicles for the targeted delivery of anticancer drugs due to their natural biosafety, low immunogenicity, potential cancer cell targeting, and enhanced cellular uptake through direct fusion with the plasma membrane. To accomplish this objective, it is necessary to artificially load the desired drug into the exosome, which requires drug delivery from the exosome.…”

“…[132][133][134] The rational design of mRNA delivery vectors requires that they protect mRNA from nuclease degradation, cross various biological barriers, and efficiently deliver mRNA to the cytoplasm for stable protein expression. 68,101,118 For this reason, scientists have attempted to encapsulate these insoluble compounds into liposomes or polymeric nanocarriers, thus improving their solubility and dispersion, but the ability of these nanoparticles to penetrate biological barriers remains weak, and their stability, biocompatibility and toxicity problems have not been effectively addressed. Exosomes, as a natural nanoscale vesicle structure with good biocompatibility and oral safety and the ability to cross biological barriers, are potentially efficient carrier materials.…”

Stimuli-Responsive Gene Delivery Nanocarriers for Cancer Therapy

“…For another, although the pathogenicity is eliminated and the gene transfection ability is retained, the commonly used viral vectors such as adenovirus, adenoassociated viral, and retrovirus face some problems such as immunogenicity and biosafety, difficult preparation, limited packaging capacity, and poor target specificity [37]. By contrast, because of their many advantages including easy preparation, low toxicity, low immunogenicity, high gene packaging capacity, and unrestricted gene loading type, nonviral vectors (such as cationic polymers, cationic liposomes, inorganic or organic nanoparticles) have been brought into research focus on gene delivery [38][39][40]. Particularly, nanocarrier-based vectors have been widely developed to achieve specific clinical goals that cannot be accomplished by traditional gene delivery methods [41,42].…”