Liposome formulation of poorly water soluble drugs: optimisation of drug loading and ESEM analysis of stability

Calcium alginate microspheres containing metformin hydrochloride niosomes and chitosomes aimed for oral therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus

“…The results, summarized in Table 1, showed that, as expected, in the absence of the charged surfactant, the vesicles exhibited low Zeta potential values, indicative of low physical stability of such systems due to potential tendency to aggregation phenomena. Variations of the PC:CH molar ratio did not affect significantly the vesicles properties (Mohammed et al, 2004). However, a slight reduction in vesicle size can be observed with increasing the CH amount, probably related to its ability to enhance the bilayer rigidity and, consequently, reduce the vesicles dimensions (López-Pinto et al, 2005;Pathak et al, 2012).…”

Liposomes in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine

“…PC. After 30 min of incubation, PC liposomes released 15.5% of the ibuprofen load compared with 1.5% for C 24 PC liposomes, and major differences in release were evident after 24 h of incubation [95]. At 378C, both PC (T c , 08C) and DMPC (T c ¼ 238C) liposomes were in the fluid state resulting in an increasing amount of drug released compared with the higher transition temperature lipids DSPC (T c ¼ 558C) and C 24 PC (T c ¼ 808C).…”

“…Therefore, phospholipids with high T c may reduce the diffusion of ions and low molecular weight molecules. The influence of the liposomal composition on release of ibuprofen was investigated [95]. The long alkyl chain lipid enhanced ibuprofen EE and retention at 378C: dilignoceroyl phosphatidylcholine (C 24 PC) .…”

“…Therefore, C 24 PC liposomes released less ibuprofen than DSPC liposomes despite both systems being in the ordered gel phase. This behaviour may be explained by the increased van der Waals interactions between the longer lipid chains and the increased lipid phase area within the liposomes enhancing the drug binding and bilayer stability [95]. Moreover, the inclusion of charged rsif.royalsocietypublishing.org J. R. Soc.…”

“…The addition of 2 mol of the anionic lipid dicetylphosphate (DCP) reduced the EE and increased the release of ibuprofen (69.0 + 3.7%), and this was explained by the electrostatic repulsive forces between the carboxyl group of ibuprofen and the anionic headgroup of DCP [95]. The addition of 2 mol of the cationic lipid stearylamine (SA) to the liposome formulation (PC : Chol-16 mol : 4 mol) increased the EE by approximately 8-47% and also increased the release of ibuprofen (71.2 + 2.8%) when compared with PC : Chol [95]. The authors suggested that the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged head group in SA and the carboxyl group present in dissociated ibuprofen appears to have little effect on ibuprofen association with MLVs.…”