Liquid media development for Heterorhabditis bacteriophora : lipid source and concentration

Yoo, Sun Kyun; Brown, Ian; Gaugler, Randy

doi:10.1007/s002530000478

Cited by 47 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…However, use of first stage juveniles in commercial mass production may be problematic relative to using IJs. Inoculum based on IJs has been successfully used for commercial production because high concentrations of IJs can be easily obtained and stored, increasing nematode yields and advancing harvest in 2 wk post inoculation (Strauch and Ehlers, 1998;Jeffke et al, 2000;Yoo et al, 2000;Hirao and Ehlers, 2009;Shapiro-Ilan et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nutrient Concentration, Addition of Thickeners, and Agitation Speed on Liquid Fermentation of Steinernema feltiae

Leite¹,

Shapiro‐Ilan²,

Hazır³

et al. 2016

Journal of Nematology

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Entomopathogenic nematode production in liquid fermentation still requires improvements to maximize efficiency, yield, and nematode quality. Therefore, this study was aimed at developing a more suitable liquid medium for mass production of Steinernema feltiae, by assessing the effects of nutrient concentration, thickeners (primarily agar), and agitation speed on infective juvenile (IJ) yield. Base medium (BM) contained yeast extract (2.3%), egg yolk (1.25%), NaCl (0.5%), and corn oil (4%). All media were inoculated with Xenorhabdus bovienii, and 2 d later, with 2-d-old S. feltiae juveniles. For the nutrient concentration experiment, we evaluated the base medium versus a modified base medium containing all the components, but with 33 concentrations of yeast extract (6.9%), egg yolk (3.75%), and corn oil (12%). The nematodes and bacteria were cultured in 150-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 50 ml of liquid medium at (258C) and 180 rpm on a rotary shaker incubator. To assess the effect of thickeners, IJs were inoculated in BM with agar (0.2%), carrageen (0.2%), and carboxymethyl cellulose (0.2% and 0.5%). The addition of 33 more nutrients relative to the BM resulted in a significantly lower yield of nematodes. For agar and agitation speed experiments, five levels of agar in the BM (0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% agar) and two agitation speeds (180 and 280 rpm) were evaluated for production. Increasing agitation speed from 180 to 280 rpm and higher levels of agar in the medium (. 0.2%) significantly increased the yield of bacteria. At the lower agitation speed, media amended with 0.4% and 0.6% agar produced higher nematode yields compared to media without agar. Media with 0.2% and 0.8% agar resulted in intermediate levels of nematode production. At the higher agitation speed, media supplemented with 0.8% agar resulted in the lowest yield of nematodes when compared to the other media tested. Results indicated that increasing nutrient concentration levels was detrimental to nematode production. Also, media containing agar (0.4% and 0.6%) increased nematode yields when cultures were grown at low agitation speed. When IJs were used as the inoculum, 0.2% agar also enhanced recovery and nematode yield at the higher agitation speed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nutrient Concentration, Addition of Thickeners, and Agitation Speed on Liquid Fermentation of Steinernema feltiae

Leite¹,

Shapiro‐Ilan²,

Hazır³

et al. 2016

Journal of Nematology

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“…It also forms, food reserves of juveniles, as well as, the body wall of juveniles and adult forms (J 1 , J 2 , and J 3 , male and female). Yoo et al (2000) reported that lipids are important entomopathogenic nematode nutritional components as they are energy reserves and serve as indicators of nematode quality. The results of the present study indicate that adult females of both the species have higher concentration of lipids than their juveniles, but the concentration of lipids in the two different species of Meloidogyne i.e., M. javanica and M. incognita do not show considerable differences.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical studies of M. incognita and M. javanica towards their identification

Sharma¹,

Singh

2014

J Parasit Dis

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Biochemical analysis is a reliable, quick, yet effective way for profiling any organism. The same tools when employed in taxonomic queries, they aid substantially and support the process. Taxonomic queries have been since beginning presenting numerable challenges towards the studies of different plant parasitic nematodes. In the present study various biochemical tests have been employed to assess the differentiation among the two dominant sps. of Meloidogyne i.e., M. incognita and M. javanica. Some of the biochemical parameters considered were the specific concentrations of carbohydrates and cholesterol and were monitored in the juvenile and the female of the respective species. Results have been discussed in details along with its employability towards the taxonomical studies especially with reference to plant parasitic nematodes.

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“…Inkonsistensi tingkat produksi JI pada media in vitro disebabkan oleh laju pemulihan (recovery) inokulum JI yang rendah dan tidak sinkron ke tahap perkembangan stadia selanjutnya (Yoo et al, 2000). Di dalam tubuh serangga inang, tingkat pemulihan JI sebesar 95% dapat terjadi serempak dalam satu hari, sedangkan pada media in vitro pemulihan tersebar dalam beberapa hari dengan tingkat yang bervariasi, antara 0-81% (Strauch dan Ehlers, 1998dalam Yoo et al, 2000.…”

Section: Potensi Reproduksi Jiunclassified

Perbanyakan Nematoda Patogenik Serangga (Rhabditida: Steinernema dan Heterorhabditis) pada Media In Vitro Cair Statik

Chaerani¹,

Suhendar²,

Harjosidarmop³

2016

J. AgroBiogen

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ABSTRACT), whereas the widely used medium B, which is based on homogenized chicken offal (40%), yielded the highest number of Steinernema T96 (5.8×10 4 IJ ml -1). The IJ's quality, as measured by their morphometrics and pathogenicities, were generally impaired, indicating the lack of essential nutrient(s) in the media. Optimization of the propagation media is therefore still needed to increase IJ's quantity and quality to achieve the required standard for commercial scale of artificial propagation. 4 JI ml -1 media). Secara umum, kualitas JI yang diukur berdasarkan morfometrik dan patogenisitasnya kurang baik, karena mendapat pengaruh negatif dari perlakuan media in vitro. Hal ini menunjukkan media yang digunakan kekurangan nutrien esensial. Optimalisasi media buatan perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas JI NPS yang diproduksi guna mencapai standar yang dibutuhkan untuk perbanyakan skala komersial. KeywordsKata kunci: Nematoda patogenik serangga, perbanyakan massal, media cair. PENDAHULUANNematoda patogenik serangga (NPS) merupakan jasad alternatif untuk pengendalian serangga-serangga hama yang aman bagi lingkungan dan jasad bukan sasaran. NPS terutama efektif terhadap serangga-serangga yang hidup di dalam tanah dan habitat-habitat tersembunyi (Griffin et al., 2005). Jika ketersediaan nutrisi dalam lingkungan tumbuhnya telah berkurang, juvenil instar ke-3 akan menghentikan stadia perkembangan ke instar selanjutnya dan memasuki stadia juvenil infektif (JI) atau dauer juvenile yang mampu hidup di luar tubuh inangnya, tidak makan, dan aktif mencari sasaran serangga inang baru untuk melanjutkan siklus reproduksinya (Griffin et al., 2005). Meskipun JI juga mampu mematikan serangga, patogenisitasnya dipengaruhi oleh simbiosisnya dengan bakteri Enterobacteriaceae (Xenorhabdus spp. dan Photorhabdus spp.) yang terdapat di dalam saluran pencernaaan JI dan bersifat patogenik terhadap serangga (Griffin et al., 2005).

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Liquid media development for Heterorhabditis bacteriophora : lipid source and concentration

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

The Effects of Nutrient Concentration, Addition of Thickeners, and Agitation Speed on Liquid Fermentation of Steinernema feltiae

The Effects of Nutrient Concentration, Addition of Thickeners, and Agitation Speed on Liquid Fermentation of Steinernema feltiae

Biochemical studies of M. incognita and M. javanica towards their identification

Perbanyakan Nematoda Patogenik Serangga (Rhabditida: Steinernema dan Heterorhabditis) pada Media In Vitro Cair Statik

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