Liquid Permittivity Sensing Using Planar Open Stub Resonator

Moolat, Remsha; Mani, Manoj; Abdulrahiman, Shameena V.; Pradeep, Anju; Vasudevan, K.; Mohanan, Pezholil

doi:10.1007/s11664-019-07910-3

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Another type of coplanar waveguide was proposed by Moolat et al [ 79 ], which was based on a quarter-wavelength technique. The open stub resonator was double folded to minimize the circuit size, and the sensor was designed with a single port to operate at a 1.8 GHz resonance frequency.…”

Section: Recent Developments Of Microwave Planar Resonatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Alahnomi

Zakaria

Yussof

et al. 2021

Sensors

108

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Recent developments in the field of microwave planar sensors have led to a renewed interest in industrial, chemical, biological and medical applications that are capable of performing real-time and non-invasive measurement of material properties. Among the plausible advantages of microwave planar sensors is that they have a compact size, a low cost and the ease of fabrication and integration compared to prevailing sensors. However, some of their main drawbacks can be considered that restrict their usage and limit the range of applications such as their sensitivity and selectivity. The development of high-sensitivity microwave planar sensors is required for highly accurate complex permittivity measurements to monitor the small variations among different material samples. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review recent research on the development of microwave planar sensors and further challenges of their sensitivity and selectivity. Furthermore, the techniques of the complex permittivity extraction (real and imaginary parts) are discussed based on the different approaches of mathematical models. The outcomes of this review may facilitate improvements of and an alternative solution for the enhancement of microwave planar sensors’ normalized sensitivity for material characterization, especially in biochemical and beverage industry applications.

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Section: Recent Developments Of Microwave Planar Resonatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… The coplanar waveguide fed open stub resonator sensor: ( a ) Layout of the CPW fed open stub resonator where the length and width are 38 mm and 17.8 mm, respectively. ( b ) Measured and simulated responses in the unloaded condition [ 79 ]. Reprinted from Moolat, R. et al Liquid Permittivity Sensing Using Planar Open Stub Resonator.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Alahnomi

Zakaria

Yussof

et al. 2021

Sensors

108

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“…There are many techniques to asses a permittivity value in simulation created with an infill percentage of a 3D-printed structure. One method is to create a substrate that represents the infill percentage and estimate the effective permittivity with the resonance frequency of resonant structure [22,37], or the Nicolson-Ross-Weir method, by placing a substrate with the required infill inside a waveguide section, and retrieving the permittivity value with the scattering parameters [38,39]. The problem of these two methods is that we need to generate the sample under test with the approximate infill as close as the printer will do, and proceed with a high-consuming computational resources simulation.…”

Section: D-printing Of Transformed Lensmentioning

confidence: 99%

3D-Printing for Transformation Optics in Electromagnetic High-Frequency Lens Applications

2020

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This article presents the design, construction and analysis of a 3D-printed transformed hyperbolic flat lens working on the 30 GHz band. The transformed lens was printed using only one ABS dielectric filament of relative permittivity of 12, varying the infill percentage of each transformed lens section in order to achieve the permittivity values obtained with the transformation optics. The 3D-printed hyperbolic transformed lens exhibits good radiation performance compared to the original canonical lens.

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“…Microwave‐based sensors can be utilized for adulteration detection by characterizing the dielectric properties of the sample. Microwave dielectric sensors are classified as resonant and nonresonant methods 5 . Planar resonator sensors that use scattering characteristics have made significant progress in recent years because they accurately assess the permittivity of a test sample in a cost‐effective approach 6,7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microwave dielectric sensors are classified as resonant and nonresonant methods. 5 Planar resonator sensors that use scattering characteristics have made significant progress in recent years because they accurately assess the permittivity of a test sample in a cost-effective approach. 6,7 Sensors that can detect changes in the samples' dielectric constant based on the changes in resonant frequency, the magnitude of transmission or reflection coefficient, and the reflection phase have been developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact microwave sensor for monitoring aging of oil and fuel adulteration

Moolat

Mani

Viswanathan

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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Adulteration detection of liquids is an emerging field in the present scenario. Purity detection of engine oils and fuels is essential for the smooth functioning of automobiles. An asymmetric coplanar strip fed stepped impedance resonator (SIR) coupled single split ring resonator (SSRR) sensor is used for purity and adulteration detection of engine oil and fuels in automobiles. The sensor operating at 5.95 GHz in free space on a low-cost substrate with a compact size of 10 Â 11.5 Â 1.6 mm 3 is demonstrated in this article. The impedance contrast between the two lines of SIR and the coupled SSRR improves the electric field distribution and thus the sensitivity. The resonant frequency of the proposed sensor changes with the aging of the oil or the adulteration level. The sensor performance is analyzed with simulations and validated with measurements.

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Liquid Permittivity Sensing Using Planar Open Stub Resonator

Cited by 5 publications

References 27 publications

Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

Review of Recent Microwave Planar Resonator-Based Sensors: Techniques of Complex Permittivity Extraction, Applications, Open Challenges and Future Research Directions

3D-Printing for Transformation Optics in Electromagnetic High-Frequency Lens Applications

Compact microwave sensor for monitoring aging of oil and fuel adulteration

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